. 2025 Dec 7;26:13. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05211-3

Table 7.

Inhibition zone diameters (mm) representing the antimicrobial activity of U. dioica ME, HE, and standard antibiotics (caspofungin and ampicillin) against selected microbial strains

Samples	Inhibition zone (mm)
Samples	ME	HE	Caspofungin	Ampicillin	p Value
C. albicans	NI	9.90 ± 0.10^b	26.63 ± 0.42^a	NI	< 0.001
C. glabrata	7.17 ± 0.35^b	8.30 ± 0.20^b	29.17 ± 0.86^a	NI	< 0.001
E. coli	NI	7.50 ± 0.46^b	NI	20.27 ± 0.15^a	< 0.001
P. aeruginosa	7.93 ± 0.74^b	9.97 ± 0.15^a	NI	9.60 ± 0.46^a	< 0.001
S. aureus	9.27 ± 0.70^b	10.00 ± 0.10^b	NI	24.47 ± 0.65^a	< 0.001
E. faecalis	NI	6.77 ± 0.21^b	NI	22.23 ± 0.23^a	< 0.001

ME Acidified methanolic extract, HE Hexane extract, NI Not Inhibition. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. Different superscript letters (a, b) in the same column indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)