Table 1.

Overview of the formulas proposed over the time to calculate target height

Authors, year	Studied Population	Formula	Adjustment(s)
Tanner et al., 1970 [8]	England	[(FH + MH) ± 13]/2; range ± 8.5 cm	-
Ogata et al., 1990* [29]	Japan	[(FH + MH) ± 13]/2 + 2 range boys ± 9 cm, girls ± 8 cm	Secular trend
Su et al., 2007 [31]	Taiwan	TH (boys) = 79.3 + 0.56MPH TH (girls) = 35.2 + 0.76MPH	Secular trend
Atluri et al., 2018 [32]	India	TH (boys) = (FH + MH)/2 + 9 TH (girls) = (FH + MH)/2 – 4	Secular trend and sex correction factor
Cole 1996 [38]	England	MPH SDS = (MH SDS + FH SDS)/1.6	Extreme parental heights
Cole 2000 [40]	England	MPH SDS = (MH SDS + FH SDS)/2	Extreme parental heights
Wright et al., 1999 [41]	England	TH-SDS = MPH SDS * 0.51 + 0.015	Extreme parental heights
Luo et al., 1998 [13]	Sweden	TH (boys) = 45.99 + 0.78 * MPH TH (girls) = 37.85 + 0.75 * MPH range: ± 10 cm	Not affected by assortative mating or the absence of it
Hermanussen & Cole, 2002[42]	Germany	TH SDS = [(FH SDS + MH SDS)/2]*0.72 range: ± 1.6 SDS	Assortative mating and parent–offspring correlation
Van Dommelen et al., 2012 [34]	Netherlands	TH (boys) = 44.5 + 0.376 * FH (cm) + 0.411 * MH (cm) TH (girls) = 47.1 + 0.334 * FH (cm) + 0.364 * MH (cm)	Assortative mating and parent–offspring correlation
Hughes & Davies, 2008 [44]	Australia	TH (boys) = 176.9 + 2.57 * [(FH-176.9)/7.1 + (MH-163.3)/6.5] range: ± 11.7 cm TH (girls) = 163.3 + 2.33 *[(FH-176.9)/7.1 + (MH-163.3)/6.5] range = ± 10.6 cm	Assortative mating and parent–offspring correlation

FH father height, MH mother height, MPH mid-parental height, SDS standard deviation score, TH target height

^*In 2007 the same authors re-updated the formula, aligning it with Tanner’s formula