Table 1.
The influence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells extracellular vesicles on the proliferation and migration of different cell types
| EV source | Target cells | EV dose | Test* | EV effect | Signalling pathway | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD-MSCs | HDFs | 1 × 10¹⁰ particles/ml |
CCK-8 Scratch test |
120% ↑ proliferation and migration | - | Lee et al. 2023 [29] |
| AD-MSCs | HCEs | 100 µg protein/ml |
MTT Scratch test |
↑ proliferation and migration | - | Tao et al. 2019 [33] |
| AD-MSCs | HUVECs | 100 µg protein/ml |
CCK-8 Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
PI3K-AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α | Liu et al. 2021 [35] |
| UCB-MSCs |
HUVECs, HDFs |
ND |
MTT Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Sung et al. [47] |
| UC-MSCs | HDFs | 20 µg protein/ml |
CCK-8 Transwell test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Tang et al. 2023 [36] |
| UC-MSCs | HUVECs | 20 µg protein/ml |
CCK-8 Scratch test |
↑ proliferation 2,5-fold ↑ migration |
- | Yang et al. 2020 [30] |
| WJ-MSCs |
HDFs HaCaT |
1 × 109 particles/ml | Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Kim et al. 2023 [31] |
| AD-MSCs | HaCaT | 5 µg protein/ml |
Scratch test CCK-8 |
↑ migration ↑ proliferation |
- | Liao et al. 2022 [34] |
| UC-MSCs |
HaCaT HSFs |
ND |
Scratch test Transwell CCK-8 |
↑ migration ↑ migration ↑ proliferation |
ITCH/JUNB/IRE1α | Cheng et al. 2020 [37] |
| UC-MSCs | HUVECs | ND | CCK-8 | ↑ proliferation | - | Lu et al. 2024 [45] |
| HF-MSCs | HDFs | 1.5 × 1011 particles/ml |
CCK-8 Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Heras et al. 2022 [38] |
| P-MSCs | HDFs | 4.56 × 10¹⁰ particles/ml |
CCK-8 Scratch test Transwell |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration ↑ migration |
- | Su et al. 2023 [39] |
| AD-MSCs | HDFs | 100 µg protein/ml | WST-1 | ↑ proliferation | - | Lin et al. 2023 [40] |
| P-MSCs | HECFCs | 1 × 109 particles/ml | Cell proliferation assay | no significant differences in proliferation | - | Hao et al. 2021 [41] |
| AD-MSCs | HaCaT | 250 µg protein/ml |
PicoGreen Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Hodge JG et al. 2023 [42] |
| UC-MSCs | HUVECs | 1 × 10¹⁰ particles/ml |
CKK-8 Scratch test |
↑ proliferation ↑ migration |
- | Wu et al. 2024 [43] |
AD-MSCs Adipose tissue Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells, UCB-MSCs Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, WJ-MSCs Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, HaCaT Human immortal keratinocyte line, UC-MSCs Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, HDFs Human Dermal Fibroblasts, HCEs Human Corneal Epithelial Cells, HUVECs - Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, HSFs Human Skin Fibroblasts, WST-1 cell proliferation reagent, HECFCs Human Endothelial Colony Forming Cells, PI3K-AKT mTOR-HIF-1α Signalling pathway involved in regulation of angiogenesis and wound healing, ND no data,↑ increased,
*The principles underlying the applied tests are summarized in Supplementary Table 2