Table 1. Risk of overall fracture stratified by the use of osteoporosis treatment during the follow-up in subjects with osteopenia or osteoporosis versus subjects with normal BMD.

Stratification		No. of subject	No. of event	PY at risk	10-Year cumulative incidence (%)	Incidence rate per 100 PY (95% CI)a	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)b
With any osteoporosis treatment use during follow-upc
	Normal	8,067	1,359	46,574	26.5	2.92 (2.77–3.07)	Ref (1.00)	Ref (1.00)
	Osteopenia	33,657	6,191	181,420	30.3	3.41 (3.33–3.50)	1.19 (1.12–1.26)	1.21 (1.14–1.29)
	Osteoporosis	57,120	13,178	270,059	38.3	4.88 (4.80–4.96)	1.75 (1.66–1.86)	1.85 (1.74–1.95)
Without any osteoporosis treatment use during follow-up
	Normal	48,122	8,445	215,596	29.4	3.92 (3.84–4.00)	Ref (1.00)	Ref (1.00)
	Osteopenia	85,801	20,032	364,061	37.8	5.50 (5.43–5.58)	1.40 (1.37–1.44)	1.43 (1.40–1.47)
	Osteoporosis	38,430	12,466	154,028	48.9	8.09 (7.96–8.23)	2.06 (2.00–2.12)	2.17 (2.11–2.23)

BMD: bone mineral density, PY: person-years, CI: confidence interval, HR: hazard ratio.

^aIncidence rate per 100 person-years = (number of incident fracture events/person-years at risk) × 100. ^bAdjusted for income, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, comorbidities (thyroid dysfunction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and gastrointestinal disorders), and comedications (thyroid hormones, calcium and vitamin D, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and benzodiazepines). ^cOsteoporosis treatment status was ascertained between the index BMD screening date and end of follow-up (fracture occurrence, censoring event, or study end date).

Reproduced from the article of Baek et al. (Endocrinol Metab 2021; 36: 1178-88) [7].