Table 3.

Specific outcomes reported from police training in terms of police practices and health outcomes

Study	Variable measured	Outcome
Changes in policing practice
Beletsky, Thomas, et al.	Likelihood of trained vs. untrained officers to refer people who use drugs to harm reduction programs	aOR 2.21 95%CI 1.33–3.68
Strike, Watson, et al.	Likelihood of trained vs. untrained officers to have no intent to detain people who use drugs Association between the nature of the NSP-police relationship and training on NSP program goals	aOR 1.92 95%CI 1.09–3.39 OR 7.7
	Association between the nature of the NSP-police relationship and training on needlestick injury prevention and basics of blood-borne virus transmission	OR 4.0
	Association between the nature of the NSP-police relationship and training on the health and social concerns of people who use drugs	OR 3.9
	Association between the nature of the NSP-police relationship and training on evidence about the impact of injection equipment distribution	OR 3.9
Changes in public health outcomes
Baker, Beletsky, et al.	Reductions in police officers reporting arrests of people who use drugs six months after a harm reduction training	AOR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.89
Cepeda, Beletsky, et al.	Reduction in incarceration rate	21% reduction every three months during the two-year intervention period
	Reduction in new HIV cases	1.7% over the course of the two-year intervention period
	Reduction in overdose cases	12.2% over the course of the two-year intervention period

Note: aOR=adjusted odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio