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. 2026 Jan 14;16(4):3152–3162. doi: 10.1039/d5ra09194b

Table 2. Crystallographic parameters of micro-mollusk derived nHAp based on the XRD data.

Parameters nHAp ICDD file #96-900-2215
Unit cell dimensions (Å) a = b = 9.4935 a = b = 9.4390
c = 6.866 c = 6.8860
Volume of unit cell, V (Å3) 535.91 531.31
Density of unit cell, ρ (g cm−3) 3.11 3.14
Micro-strain, ε 1.62 —
Dislocation density, δ (nm−2) × 10−3 0.94 —
Crystallinity index (CI = Xc) 0.00268 —
Crystallite size (nm) Scherrer equation 5.46 —
Scherrer equation average method (SEAM) 11.74 —
Straight line passing through origin method (SLPOM) 16.46 —
Williamson–Hall method (W–HM) 3.72 (R2 = 0.196) —
Halder–Wagner method (H–WM) 5.13 (R2 = 0.992) —
Size-strain plot method (SSPM) 2.62 (R2 = 0.999) —