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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 Sep 18;130(5):1047–1061. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000576

Table 3.

Global fit for latent growth curve models of joint temperament/personality traits.

Chi-square df RMSEA SRMR CFI BIC AIC
Affiliation/Agreeableness
No change 983.15 383 .05 .09 .87 23534.42 23028.94
Linear 874.44 379 .04 .09 .89 23443.65 22920.11
Non-linear 822.88 373 .04 .07 .90 23409.82 22859.20
Effortful Control/Conscientiousness
No change 1333.75 509 .05 .10 .89 20035.29 19493.70
Linear 1079.07 506 .04 .09 .92 19784.32 19229.20
Non-linear 1036.02 500 .04 .08 .93 19772.82 19190.61
Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism
No change 2431.08 506 .08 .15 .81 20650.16 20095.04
Linear 2086.06 503 .07 .12 .84 20299.51 19730.84
Non-linear 1435.43 500 .05 .05 .91 19625.24 19043.04
Surgency/Extraversion
No change 1343.48 380 .06 .13 .85 21211.27 20692.25
Linear 1083.46 376 .05 .11 .89 20969.80 20432.73
Non-linear 1025.50 370 .05 .09 .90 20944.42 20380.27
Surgency/Openness
No change 1354.11 379 .06 .11 .83 20445.51 19921.97
Linear 1522.26 382 .07 .11 .80 20602.68 20092.68
Non-linear 1220.91 373 .06 .10 .85 20348.22 19797.60

Note. Bolded rows are the best-fitting models and were considered interpretable. None of the models for Surgency/Openness were considered to be acceptable. df = degrees of freedom; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index; SRMR = standardized root mean residual; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; AIC = Akaike information criterion.