Table 1.

Cohort characteristics before and after propensity score matching

Characteristic	Before matching: CUD cohort (n = 10,894)	Before matching: control cohort (n = 42,160)	P-value (Before)	Std. Diff. (Before)	After matching: CUD cohort (n = 6,858)	After matching: control cohort (n = 6,858)	P-value (After)	Std. Diff. (After)
Demographics
Age at Index (years)	46.4 ± 13.0	53.3 ± 18.1	< 0.001	0.442	47.0 ± 13.4	48.1 ± 14.6	< 0.001	0.081
Female (%)	34.9%	50.9%	< 0.001	0.328	38.6%	37.0%	0.055	0.033
White (%)	52.9%	64.8%	< 0.001	0.243	56.9%	55.8%	0.185	0.023
American Indian or Alaska Native (%)	0.6%	0.2%	< 0.001	0.055	0.5%	0.5%	0.903	0.002
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (%)	0.6%	0.3%	< 0.001	0.042	0.5%	0.6%	0.728	0.006
Black or African American (%)	30.6%	12.1%	< 0.001	0.463	24.5%	26.8%	0.002	0.053
Hispanic or Latino (%)	6.4%	5.6%	0.001	0.035	6.6%	5.9%	0.097	0.028
Asian (%)	1.0%	3.5%	< 0.001	0.172	1.2%	0.9%	0.046	0.034
Diagnoses
Overweight and Obesity (%)	18.3%	6.3%	< 0.001	0.370	14.4%	14.9%	0.385	0.015
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (%)	30.7%	17.8%	< 0.001	0.302	28.2%	29.5%	0.093	0.029
Essential Hypertension (%)	56.8%	28.9%	< 0.001	0.590	48.5%	51.5%	< 0.001	0.061
Alcohol-Related Disorders (%)	53.7%	8.0%	< 0.001	1.137	36.4%	36.0%	0.606	0.009
Nicotine Dependence (%)	64.9%	9.0%	< 0.001	1.420	45.9%	45.7%	0.824	0.004
Chronic Kidney Disease (%)	13.8%	6.7%	< 0.001	0.235	11.9%	12.2%	0.564	0.010
Hyperlipidemia, Unspecified (%)	26.7%	15.2%	< 0.001	0.286	23.8%	25.1%	0.077	0.030
Cholelithiasis (%)	12.1%	7.7%	< 0.001	0.148	10.4%	11.0%	0.270	0.019
Systemic Connective Tissue Disorders (%)	2.8%	2.1%	< 0.001	0.041	2.8%	2.9%	0.538	0.011