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. 2025 Dec 16;16:1774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-31285-7

Table 4.

The comparison of outcomes attained by the proposed CAUC model and other state-of-the-art models in the Multi-weed segmentation.

Model name Validation time Test time
A L P R FS MIoU A L P R FS MIoU
% % % % % % % % % % % %
SegNet512[23] 97.46 6.25 97.62 97.32 97.46 78.42 95.81 18.69 95.98 95.68 95.82 75.23
UNet [7] 98.85 4.18 98.88 98.82 98.84 80.05 96.89 19.02 97.01 96.79 96.89 78.52
RRUDC [7] 97.76 4.62 97.78 97.74 97.76 79.52 95.92 8.52 96.01 95.84 95.92 77.25
DeepLabV3+ 99.02 3.65 99.06 98.99 99.02 81.11 97.09 5.6 97.27 96.97 97.11 80.61
UNet++ 99.22 2.5 99.25 99.20 99.22 81.55 97.35 5.7 97.41 97.30 97.35 80.85
Proposed CAUC 99.09 2.77 99.11 99.02 99.06 81.02 97.50 7.85 97.14 96.9 97.02 80.2