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. 2026 Jan 13;14:e19784. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19784

Table 2. Population differentiation.

Rst values between pairs of populations in continuous and fragmented forests: (a) between adult palms, (b) between seedling palms, and (c) between pairs of adult and seedling populations of Astrocaryum mexicanum in both habitats. In (c), the comparison between life stages in a given habitat is indicated with the same letter: A, seedlings from continuous forest vs. adults from continuous forest; B, seedlings from continuous forest vs. adults from fragments. C, seedlings from fragments vs. adults from continuous forest; and D, seedlings from fragments vs. adults from fragments. Exact probability is given in parenthesis. Contin, Continuous forest.

(a)
ADULTS
Continuous Fragments
Circuito Selva Lyell Borrego Cola de Pescado Borrego Montepío Ruiz Cortines Bambú
ADULTS Contin Circuito
Selva 0.0036
(0.3693)
Lyell 0.1067 0.0981
(<0.00001) (<0.00001)
Fragment Borrego 0.004 −0.0025 0.1025
(0.3964) (0.5045) (<0.00001)
Cola de Pescado 0.0109 0.0269 0.0396 0.0315
(0.2252) (0.081) (0.1441) (0.7207)
Borrego Montepío −0.003 −0.0073 0.0936 0.0182 0.0105
(0.6216) (0.5675) (0.018) (0.1531) (0.2973)
Ruiz Cortines 0.0889 0.0484 0.032 0.049 0.0563 0.0752
(0.009) (0.5675) (0.1621) (0.081) (0.09) (0.09)
Bambú 0.0011 0.0082 0.1203 0.0058 0.0228 0.0227 0.0819
(0.4864) (0.1891) (0.018) (0.2702) (0.1171) (0.09) (0.036)