Table 2.
Identification of factors associated with sarcopenia in the patients on hemodialysis.
| Variables | Adjusted model 1 | Adjusted model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | |
| Older age (≥ 60 years) | 3.14 (1.98–4.98) | <0.001 | 3.03 (1.90–4.82) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.70 (1.09–2.65) | 0.019 | 1.77 (1.13–2.78) | 0.013 |
| White ethnicity | 2.02 (1.33–3.08) | 0.001 | 1.92 (1.26–2.94) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes as CKD etiology or comorbidity | 1.96 (1.29–2.98) | 0.002 | 1.78 (1.16–2.73) | 0.008 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | |||
| Underweight | 4.38 (0.67–28.55) | 0.122 | 3.99 (0.57–28.01) | 0.164 |
| Overweight | 0.36 (0.23–0.57) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.23–0.59) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 0.10 (0.04–0.25) | <0.001 | 0.11 (0.05–0.26) | <0.001 |
| Hemodiafiltration (reference = conventional) |
– | 1.45 (0.95–2.21) | 0.085 | |
| Catheter access (reference = arteriovenous fistula) |
– | 1.48 (0.95–2.30) | 0.084 | |
| Physically active | 0.54 (0.31–0.94) | 0.028 | 0.59 (0.33–1.04) | 0.066 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CI, confidence interval. Confirmed and severe sarcopenia groups were combined and classified as ‘sarcopenia’ for analysis. Adjusted model 1 included age (reference = <60 years), ethnicity (reference = non-white), sex (reference = female), diabetes as etiology or comorbidity (reference = no diabetes), body mass index (reference = normal weight), and physically active (reference = <150 min/week). Adjusted model 2 included all variables from model 1, with the addition of dialysis modality (reference = conventional) and vascular access (reference = arteriovenous fistula or graft).