Table 2.
Results table.
| Instrument | Purpose | Population and sample size | Setting | Digital health area | Dimensions of digital health competencies assessed | Number of items | Development method | Psychometric properties reported | Included for analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine - Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Skills (AKAS) Questionnaire (31) | Provide an overview of physicians’ awareness, knowledge, attitude, and skill in using telehealth services in Libya | Physicians (N = 673) | Hospital | Telemedicine | Awareness; Knowledge; Attitude; Skills | 47 | Previously developed | Internal consistency | Included |
| EU*US eHealth Work survey (40) | Investigate which competencies are at the intersection of the individual groups of health professionals | Healthcare professionals (N = 718) | Not specified | eHealth | Applications in patient care; IT background knowledge of health professionals; Education and research; management; Interpersonal and social dimensions | 33* | Previously developed | Not reported | Not included |
| Canadian Nurse Informatics Competency Assessment Scale (C-NICAS) (39, 43) | Develop a research-based informatics assessment scale based on the CASN entry-to-practice competencies, and to apply this scale to assess self-perceived informatics competencies among RNs in Alberta | Nurses (n = 2,844) | Various | Health informatics | Foundational ICT skills; Information and knowledge management; Professional and regulatory accountability; Use of ICT in delivery of patient care | 21 | Developed | Content validity; Structural validity; Internal consistency | Included |
| Telehealth KSA (knowledge, skills and attitudes) (27) | Describe how hospital nurses self-rate their confidence in essential telehealth KSAs, summarized as telehealth care competence | Nurses (N = 1,017) | Hospital | Telehealth | Knowledge; Skills; Attitudes | 31 | Developed | Content validity | Included |
| Nurses’ Information System Survey 2017† (28) | Explore the associations of EHR usability factors and nurses’ informatics competence factors with self-reported time pressure and psychological distress among registered nurses | Nurses (N = 3,607) | Various | Health informatics | Classification competence; e-care competence; e-documentation competence; e-ethics competence | 16 | Previously developed and adapted | Internal consistency | Not included |
| Questionnaire adopted from European commission’s digital competency framework‡ (29) | Assess digital competency of healthcare providers among seven public health centers in North-West Ethiopia | Healthcare professionals (N = 167) | Public Health centers | General | Information and data literacy; Communication and collaboration; Digital content creation; Safety; Problem-solving | 22 | Developed | Content validity; Internal consistency | Not included |
| Nursing informatics competences questionnaire (30) | Examine whether nurses who graduated after the Finnish educational initiatives have higher nursing informatics competences than nurses who graduated before the initiatives | Nurses (N = 1,639) | Various | Health informatics | Terminology-based documentation; Patient-related digital work; General IT; Electronic documentation | 4 | Developed | Internal consistency | Included |
| Digital Competence Test (41) | Validate the digital competence test developed ad hoc and measure the digital competence level of Catalan HPs to establish their current level as the baseline for designing a strategic training plan | Healthcare Professionals (N = 803) | Various | General | Search, select and contrast information with digital tools; Organise the information and data with digital tools; Analyse, exploit and visualize data with digital tools; Interact and share information and digital content; Collaborate with others using digital technologies; Participate in the social and cultural transformation through the digital society; Create and edit digital content; Design, integrate and rework digital content with various formats; Design and manufacture objects through digital technology; Protect systems, devices and digital content; Protect personal data and privacy; Act civically in the digital environment; Understands the basics and uses digital technology; Identifies personal and professional needs and applies digital solutions | Case 1: 7; Case 2: 11 | Developed | Content validity | Included |
| DigiHealthCom and DigiComInf (33) | Develop and psychometrically validate two self-assessed instruments measuring digital health competence and factors associating with it | Healthcare Professionals (N = 643) | Various | General | DigiHealthCom: Human-centred remote counselling competence; Digital solutions as part of work; Information and communication technology (ICT) competence; Competence in utilizing and evaluating digital solutions; Ethical competence related to digital solutions. DigiComInf: Support from management; Organisational practices as part of digital competence development; Colleagues’ adoption and influence | DigiHealthCom: 42, DigiComInf: 15 | Developed | Content validity; Structural validity; Internal consistency | Included |
| TeleOSCE questionnaire (42) | Determine the knowledge, self-confidence, and attitudes in using telemedicine according to nurses’ perceptions in a private hospital in Indonesia | Nurses (N = 52) | Hospital | Telemedicine | Knowledge; Self-confidence; Attitude | 22 | Previously developed | Internal consistency | Included |
| Questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice of health information technology‡ (34) | Determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health information technology among health professionals | Healthcare Professionals (N = 347) | Hospital | Health informatics | Knowledge; Attitude; Practice of health information technology | 38 | Developed | Content validity; Structural validity; Internal consistency | Not included |
| Nurse survey on information systems 2020 (36) | Describe nurses’ perceptions of their informatics competencies regarding health information system usage | Nurses (N = 610) | Various | Health informatics | Nursing documentation; Digital environment; Ethics and data protection | 16 | Previously developed and adapted | Content validity; Structural validity; Internal consistency | Included |
| Digital Competence Questionnaire (DCQ) (44, 45) | Identify items for an item pool of a questionnaire to measure clinical practice nurses’ digital competence and to evaluate the content validity, and evaluate the structural validity and internal consistency of the Digital Competence Questionnaire (DCQ) for Clinical Practice Nurses | Nurses (N = 185) | Not specified | General | Knowledge; Skills; Attitudes | 12 | Developed | Content validity; Structural validity; Internal consistency | Included |
| Paediatric students and paediatricians attitude towards digital competency (38) | Investigate digital perceptions and competencies among medical students in pediatrics and pediatric healthcare workers in China | Healthcare professionals and students (N = 518) | Hospital, Medicine College | General | Digital awareness; Digital capability; Digital application; Digital content innovation; Ethic issues related with digital technology use | 49 | Developed | Content validity; Internal consistency | Included |
*Only the number of items in the competence module applied in the study. † Instrument in Swedish and Finnish. ‡ Instrument not available.