Table 1.
Mean scores of parental food literacy (based on SFLQ score), perceived barriers and enablers (PBE score), healthy-eating attitudes (based on HEA score), and healthy-eating behavior (based on TIUH score) by demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of children and adolescents (n = 2,011).
| n (%) | SFLQ | PBE | HEA | TIUH | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health-Info | Consciousness | Orientation | Beliefs | |||||
| Mean score (SD) | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 6–11 y | 1,047 (52) | 31.9 (5.1) | 62.9 (9.0) | 7.0 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.5 (3.2) | 31.4 (5.2) | 31.1 (6.2) |
| 12–17 y | 964 (48) | 31.5 (5.0) | 63.3 (8.1) | 6.8 (1.9)* | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.4 (3.3) | 31.1 (5.3) | 31.5 (6.1) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 995 (49) | 31.5 (5.0) | 63.5 (8.2) | 6.8 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.4 (3.3) | 31.3 (5.3) | 31.4 (6.2) |
| Female | 1,016 (51) | 31.9 (5.1) | 62.7 (8.9) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.1) | 20.5 (3.2) | 31.2 (5.2) | 31.3 (6.1) |
| BMI | ||||||||
| Normal weight | 1,087 (69) | 32.2 (4.9) | 64.0 (8.7) | 6.9 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.0) | 20.7 (3.2) | 31.1 (5.5) | 33.4 (4.8) |
| Overweight | 263 (17) | 32.0 (4.9) | 62.5 (7.4) | 6.8 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.1) | 20.6 (3.1) | 31.3 (5.2) | 32.8 (4.9) |
| Obese | 232 (15) | 32.4 (5.3) | 61.2 (7.7)** | 7.4 (1.5)** | 4.0 (2.0)** | 20.9 (3.1) | 32.3 (5.1)* | 33.9 (5.1)* |
| Sleep duration | ||||||||
| <8 h | 371 (18) | 30.9 (5.2) | 62.5 (6.6) | 6.7 (2.0) | 3.6 (1.9) | 20.0 (3.2) | 31.0 (5.1) | 29.3 (6.3) |
| 8–10 h | 1,542 (77) | 31.9 (4.9) | 63.5 (8.7) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.6 (3.2) | 31.3 (5.3) | 31.8 (5.9) |
| >10 h | 98 (5) | 31.7 (5.8)* | 59.3 (9.2)* | 7.6 (1.6)** | 3.8 (2.1)* | 20.3 (3.5)* | 32.0 (5.8) | 31.2 (7.5)** |
| Screen time | ||||||||
| <2 h/day | 1,131 (56) | 31.7 (5.1) | 63.8 (8.9) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.3 (2.0) | 20.5 (3.0) | 31.3 (4.8) | 31.6 (5.8) |
| 2–4 h/day | 723 (36) | 31.9 (4.9) | 62.6 (8.1) | 6.8 (1.9) | 3.5 (2.0) | 20.3 (3.4) | 31.2 (5.7) | 31.0 (6.4) |
| >4 h/day | 157 (8) | 31.2 (5.7) | 61.7 (8.4)* | 7.1 (1.7) | 3.8 (2.0)* | 20.6 (3.5) | 31.2 (6.2) | 30.8 (7.3)* |
| Physical activity level | ||||||||
| Low | 1,017 (51) | 30.9 (5.1) | 62.5 (9.0) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.3 (2.0) | 20.2 (3.2) | 31.0 (5.2) | 30.9 (6.2) |
| Medium | 461 (23) | 32.7 (4.8) | 63.6 (7.4) | 7.0 (1.8) | 3.8 (2.0) | 20.8 (3.2) | 32.0 (5.1) | 32.1 (5.9) |
| High | 533 (27) | 32.3 (4.9)** | 63.8 (8.6) | 6.7 (1.8) | 3.3 (2.1)** | 20.6 (3.3)* | 31.0 (5.5)* | 31.5 (6.2)* |
BMI, Body Mass Index; SFLQ, Short Food Literacy Questionnaire; PBE, Perceived Barriers and Enablers; HEA, Healthy-eating Attitudes; TIUH, Theory of Internet Use related to Health; y, years. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.