Table 2.
Mean scores of parental food literacy (based on SFLQ score), perceived barriers and enablers (PBE score), healthy-eating attitudes (based on HEA score), and healthy-eating behavior (based on TIUH score) by demographic characteristics (n = 2,011).
| n (%) | SFLQ | PBE | HEA | TIUH | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Info | Consciousness | Orientation | Beliefs | |||||
| Mean score (SD) | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤44 y | 423 (21) | 32.5 (5.1) | 63.8 (8.2) | 7.3 (1.7) | 4.5 (1.7) | 20.5 (3.3) | 32.5 (5.1) | 30.8 (6.9) |
| ≥45 y | 1,588 (79) | 31.5 (5.0)** | 62.7 (8.8) | 6.8 (1.8)** | 3.1 (2.0)** | 20.4 (3.2) | 30.9 (5.2)** | 31.5 (5.9) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 823 (41) | 30.9 (5.0) | 60.4 (6.6) | 6.8 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.0) | 20.1 (3.4) | 30.7 (5.4) | 30.5 (6.5) |
| Female | 1,188 (59) | 32.3 (5.0)** | 64.2 (9.0)** | 6.9 (1.8)* | 3.5 (2.0)* | 20.7 (3.1)** | 31.7 (5.1)** | 31.9 (5.9)** |
| Education level | ||||||||
| Low | 91 (5) | 28.5 (6.2) | 62.3 (7.9) | 6.6 (2.3) | 3.2 (2.1) | 19.4 (4.2) | 30/0 (6.6) | 28.2 (8.0) |
| Medium | 750 (39) | 31.1 (4.8) | 65.2 (8.7) | 6.8 (1.7) | 3.0 (1.9) | 20.4 (3.2) | 30.7 (5.3) | 31.4 (5.7) |
| High | 1,093 (57) | 32.5 (4.9)** | 62.2 (8.1)** | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.7 (2.0)** | 20.7 (3.1)* | 31.8 (5.0)** | 31.8 (6.1)** |
| Family status | ||||||||
| Live alone | 249 (12) | 31.2 (5.4) | 61.4 (8.1) | 6.8 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.1) | 19.8 (4.0) | 30.4 (5.8) | 30.2 (7.2) |
| Live with a partner | 1716 (85) | 31.8 (5.0) | 63.5 (8.6) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.6 (3.1) | 31.4 (5.1) | 31.5 (5.9) |
| Live with others | 46 (2) | 30.4 (6.0)* | 59.3 (7.4)* | 6.3 (1.9) | 3.9 (1.6) | 19.5 (3.1)** | 31.1 (5.3)* | 30.5 (7.5)* |
| Family income | ||||||||
| < €2,000 | 467 (27) | 30.8 (5.2) | 63.2 (8.7) | 6.8 (1.7) | 3.4 (1.9) | 20.1 (3.2) | 31.1 (5.2) | 30.3 (6.2) |
| €2,000-4,000 | 796 (47) | 32.1 (4.8) | 63.7 (8.2) | 6.8 (1.8) | 3.4 (2.0) | 20.5 (3.3) | 31.1 (5.3) | 32.2 (5.8) |
| > €4,000 | 442 (26) | 33.0 (4.8)** | 62.0 (7.5)* | 7.0 (1.9) | 4.1 (1.9)** | 20.9 (3.1)* | 32.4 (5.1)** | 32.0 (6.6)** |
| Area of living | ||||||||
| Urban | 1,629 (81) | 31.8 (5.1) | 62.8 (8.4) | 6.9 (1.8) | 3.5 (2.0) | 20.5 (3.2) | 31.3 (5.3) | 31.5 (6.1) |
| Rural | 382 (19) | 31.3 (4.8) | 66.1 (8.9)** | 6.8 (1.8) | 3.0 (2.0)** | 20.4 (3.1) | 31.1 (5.0) | 30.8 (6.3) |
SFLQ, Short Food Literacy Questionnaire; PBE, Perceived Barriers and Enablers; HEA, Healthy-eating Attitudes; TIUH, Theory of Internet Use related to Health; y, years. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.