Table 1. Demographic information for key CAR-T trials in gliomas over the past 5 years.

CAR target	Study (year)	Phase	No of Patients (n)	Patient selection criteria	Age (years)	Gender (% Male)	Lines of prior treatment	PS
B7-H3	Vitanza et al [9] 2025	1	21	Age >1, <26; DIPG diagnosis; adequate PS and organ function	Median 6 (2–22)	9/23 (39%)	≥1	100% Karnofsky ≥60
GD2	Majzner et al [30] 2022	1	3	Age 2–30; H3K27M-mutated DIPG restricted to brainstem	5–25	1/3 (33%)	1–2	100% Karnofsky ≥60 or ECOG 0–1
GD2 (4SCAR-T)	Liu et al [16] 2023	1	8	GD2 positive GBM	4 adult (29–63); 4 pediatric (3–6)	4/8 (50%)	1–3	-
EphA2	Lin et al [18] 2021	1	3	Recurrent EphA2-positive GBM	30–45	2/3 (67%)	2	-
IL-13Ra2	Brown et al [21] 2022	1	6	Age 18–70; progressive/recurrent grade III or IV malignant glioma expressing IL13Rα2 and required ongoing dexamethasone therapy	56.2 + 10.7 (range: 36–66)	4/6 (67%)	1–4	100% Karnofsky ≥60
IL-13Ra2 and EGFR	Bagley et al [23] 2024	1	6	Age ≥18; recurrent GBM IDH-wild type and presence of EGFR	33–71	6/6 (100%)	2–3	100% Karnofsky ≥60
IL-13Ra2	Brown et al [22] 2024	1	65	Age 18–75; progressive/recurrent grade 3 or 4 malignant glioma, IL-13Ra2+, adequate PS and life expectancy	Median 49 (16–71)	40/65 (62%)	≥2	100% Karnofsky ≥60
HER2	Vitanza et al [24] 2021	1	3	Age 15–26; refractory/recurrent HER2+ CNS tumor; adequate PS; presence of CSF catheter	16–26	2/3 (67%)	1–4	100% Karnofsky ≥60
HER2	Burger et al [31] 2023	1	9	Recurrent HER2+ GB	30–70	7/9 (77%)	≥2	100% Karnofsky ≥50
EGFRvIII	Goff et al [26] 2019	1	18	Adult patients with recurrent EGFRvIII+ GBM	43–66	15/18 (83%)	3-6	100% Karnofsky ≥60
EGFRvIII (and PD-1)	Bagley et al [27] 2024	1	7	Adult patients with EGFRvIII GBM; MGMT unmethylated; no prior systemic therapy; adequate PS	56–76	5/7 (71%)	1	100% ECOG 0–1
EGFRvIII and EGFR wt	Choi et al [28] 2024	1	3	Adults with recurrent EGFRvIII+ GBM	57–74	2/3 (67%)	2–3	-