Table 3.
In-hospital complications and echocardiographic characteristics at discharge of the study population
| Total N = 305 | MVA <4.0 cm2 (n = 66) | MVA ≥4.0 cm2 (n = 239) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital complications | ||||
| Length of stay, d (mean ± SD) | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 0.06 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Vascular complications, n (%) | 12 (3.9) | 5 (7.6) | 7 (2.9) | 0.09 |
| Perforation/tamponade, n (%) | 5 (1.6) | 3 (4.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0.04 |
| New-onset dialysis, n (%) | 6 (2.0) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (2.1) | 0.77 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (1.3) | 0.87 |
| Valve reintervention, n (%) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.17 |
| Endocarditis, n (%) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0.62 |
| Single leaflet device attachment, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.47 |
| Leaflet tear, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.30 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics at discharge | ||||
| Discharge LVEF, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 48.5 ± 1.0 | 50.9 ± 2.1 | 47.8 ± 1.1 | 0.19 |
| Residual MR at discharge, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 43 (14.3) | 9 (13.8) | 34 (14.5) | 0.78 |
| Mild | 158 (52.7) | 35 (53.8) | 123 (52.3) | |
| Moderate | 84 (28.0) | 19 (29.2) | 65 (27.7) | |
| Moderate-severe | 9 (3.0) | 1 (1.5) | 8 (3.4) | |
| Severe | 6 (2.0) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (2.1) | |
| Mean TMPG, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 0.006 |
| TMPG ≥5 mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 23 (9.0) | 9 (15.5) | 14 (7.1) | 0.13 |
| Residual TR at discharge, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 160 (62.5) | 35 (61.4) | 125 (62.8) | 0.68 |
| Mild | 11 (4.3) | 3 (5.3) | 8 (4.0) | |
| Moderate | 54 (21.1) | 14 (24.6) | 40 (20.1) | |
| Moderate-severe | 16 (6.3) | 1 (1.8) | 15 (7.6) | |
| Severe | 15 (5.9) | 4 (7.0) | 11 (5.5) | |
| LA volume, mL (mean ± SD) | 122.3 ± 3.8 | 121.1 ± 8.7 | 122.5 ± 4.2 | 0.88 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 (mean +SD) | 66.3 ± 2.1 | 68.6 ± 5.4 | 65.7 ± 2.2 | 0.58 |
| LAP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 14.7 ± 0.4 | 14.0 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 0.5 | 0.40 |
| V-wave, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 21.3 ± 0.7 | 19.4 ± 1.4 | 21.8 ± 0.8 | 0.12 |
| NYHA class at discharge, n (%) | ||||
| Class I | 75 (40.5) | 13 (38.2) | 62 (41.1) | 0.52 |
| Class II | 84 (45.4) | 14 (41.2) | 70 (46.4) | |
| Class III | 24 (13.0) | 6 (17.6) | 18 (11.9) | |
| Class IV | 2 (1.1) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Difference pre and post | ||||
| MR reduction (mean +SD) | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 0.90 |
| Mean LAP reduction, mm (Hg) (mean +SD) | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 0.01 |
| V-wave reduction, mm Hg (mean +SD) | 13.2 ± 1.1 | 10.4 ± 2.3 | 13.9 ± 1.2 | 0.21 |
Notes. Values are represented as n (%); mean ± SD. Bold represents significant values (“p < 0.05”).
Abbreviations: LA, left atrium; LAP, left atrial pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MVA, mitral valve area; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TMPG, transmitral pressure gradient; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.