Table 4.
Clinical outcomes post-M-TEER at 1-year, 2-year, and final follow-up stratified by baseline MVA
| Total N = 305 | MVA <4.0 cm2 (n = 66) | MVA ≥4.0 cm2 (n = 239) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-d outcomes | ||||
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 8 (2.6) | 4 (5.4) | 4 (1.7) | 1.00 |
| HFH, n (%) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) | 6 (2.6) | 0.14 |
| Composite, n (%) | 59 (19.2) | 20 (27.0) | 39 (16.7) | 0.45 |
| MV reintervention, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| LVEF, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 50.4 ± 1.1 | 52.4 ± 2.1 | 49.8 ± 1.3 | 0.31 |
| LA volume, mL (mean ± SD) | 111.4 ± 3.3 | 111.6 ± 9.6 | 111.4 ± 3.5 | 0.98 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 (mean ± SD) | 69.7 ± 3.9 | 76.3 ± 9.3 | 68.0 ± 4.4 | 0.41 |
| LVIDs, cm (mean ± SD) | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 0.1 |
| LVIDd, cm (mean ± SD) | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 0.37 |
| TMPG, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 0.91 |
| Residual MR, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 41 (19.0) | 10 (19.6) | 31 (18.8) | 0.05 |
| Mild | 105 (48.6) | 24 (47.1) | 81 (49.1) | |
| Moderate | 63 (29.2) | 13 (25.5) | 50 (30.3) | |
| Severe | 7 (3.2) | 4 (7.8) | 3 (1.8) | |
| Residual TR, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 33 (22.4) | 7 (21.2) | 26 (22.8) | 0.36 |
| Mild | 66 (44.9) | 13 (39.4) | 53 (46.5) | |
| Moderate | 38 (25.9) | 9 (75.8) | 29 (25.4) | |
| Severe | 10 (6.8) | 4 (3.0) | 6 (5.3) | |
| Estimated PASP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 43.9 ± 1.8 | 39.5 ± 3.9 | 45.2 ± 2.0 | 0.19 |
| Estimated RAP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 10.4 ± 1.2 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 0.55 |
| One-year outcomes | ||||
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 50 (19.0) | 15 (25.0) | 35 (17.2) | 0.16 |
| HFH, n (%) | 36 (13.7) | 10 (16.7) | 26 (12.8) | 0.45 |
| Composite, n (%) | 77 (29.3) | 23 (39.7) | 54 (27.1) | 0.08 |
| MV reintervention, n (%) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (1.5) | 6 (2.5) | 0.28 |
| One-year NYHA class, n (%) | ||||
| Class I | 90 (47.9) | 11 (29.8) | 79 (52.3) | 0.09 |
| Class II | 88 (46.8) | 24 (64.9) | 64 (42.4) | |
| Class III | 10 (5.3) | 2 (5.4) | 8 (5.3) | |
| Class IV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| LVEF, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 50.9 ± 2.1 | 51.1 ± 4.4 | 50.9 ± 2.3 | 0.98 |
| LA volume, mL (mean ± SD) | 121.8 ± 4.3 | 129.2 ± 11.2 | 119.7 ± 4.6 | 0.36 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 (mean ± SD) | 65.2 ± 2.4 | 70.5 ± 6.5 | 63.7 ± 2.4 | 0.23 |
| LVIDs, cm (mean ± SD) | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 0.77 |
| LVIDd, cm (mean ± SD) | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 0.50 |
| TMPG, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.50 |
| Residual MR grade, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 81 (60.7) | 17 (60.7) | 64 (56.6) | 0.76 |
| Mild | 49 (28.6) | 8 (28.6) | 41 (36.3) | |
| Moderate | 7 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 5 (4.4) | |
| Severe | 4 (2.8) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Residual TR, n (%) | ||||
| None/trace | 84 (65.6) | 18 (66.7) | 66 (65.3) | 0.65 |
| Mild | 36 (28.1) | 7 (25.9) | 29 (28.7) | |
| Moderate | 4 (3.1) | 1 (3.7) | 3 (3.0) | |
| Severe | 4 (3.1) | 1 (3.7) | 3 (3.0) | |
| Estimated PASP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 46.3 ± 1.3 | 44.8 ± 2.7 | 46.6 ± 1.5 | 0.60 |
| Estimated RAP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Two-year outcomes | ||||
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 72 (27.4) | 21 (35.0) | 51 (25.1) | 0.13 |
| HFH, n (%) | 46 (17.5) | 11 (18.3) | 35 (17.2) | 0.85 |
| Composite, n (%) | 101 (38.4) | 27 (45.0) | 74 (36.5) | 0.23 |
| MV reintervention, n (%) | 8 (3.0) | 1 (1.7) | 7 (3.4) | 0.05 |
| Last follow-up | ||||
| Mean follow-up, d, mean ± SD | 803.4 ± 37.0 | 844.9 ± 96.5 | 792.1 ± 39.2 | 0.56 |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 131 (43.1) | 33 (50.8) | 98 (41.0) | 0.16 |
| HFH, n (%) | 68 (22.4) | 16 (24.6) | 52 (21.8) | 0.62 |
| Composite, n (%) | 155 (59.4) | 38 (65.5) | 117 (57.6) | 0.16 |
| MV reintervention, n (%) | 10 (3.3) | 3 (4.5) | 7 (2.9) | 0.51 |
Notes. Values are represented as n (%); mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: HFH, heart failure hospitalization; LA, left atrium; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; LVIDs/d, left ventricular internal diameter (systolic/diastolic); MR, mitral regurgitation; M-TEER, mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair; MV, mitral valve; MVA, mitral valve area; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; TMPG, transmitral pressure gradient; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.