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. 2026 Jan 6;16:1723419. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1723419

Table 2.

Primary and secondary outcomes.

Outcome EA (n=53) SA (n=53) Difference between groups Z/t P
Mean change from baseline (95%CI) P Mean change from baseline (95%CI) P
Primary Outcome
BMI
Intervention phase
Week 12 -2.46 (-2.67, -2.18) -0.95 (-1.14, -0.75) <.001
Follow-up phase
Week 12 -3.49 (-3.85, -3.13) -1.73 (-2.01, -1.46) <0.001
Secondary Outcomes
WHR
Week 12 -0.04 (-0.06, -0.04) -0.02 (-0.02, -0.01) <0.001*
BFM
Week 12 -4.56 (-5.10, -4.02) -1.64 (-1.94, -1.33) <0.001*
SMM
Week 12 0.52 (-0.06, 1.10) -0.01 (-0.60, 0.5) 0.205
BMR
Week 12 29.26 (4.63, 53.9) -6.68 (-34.78, 21.42 0.056
Glucose Metabolism Indicators
FPG (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.30 (-0.41, -0.18) <0.001 -0.10 (-0.19, -0.00) 0.028 -1.80 0.008*
2hPG (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.04 (-0.22, 0.14) 0.372 -0.10 (-0.26, 0.19) 0.758 -0.91 0.977
FINS (pmol/L)
Week 12 -46.03 (-61.27, -30.79) <0.001 -4.59 (-9.20, 0.02) 0.019 -2.10 <0.001*
HOMA-IR
Week 12 -12.70 (-18.58, -6.81) <0.001 -1.55 (-3.40, -0.06) 0.014 -1.89 <0.001*
Lipid Metabolism Indicators
TC (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.30 (-0.40, -0.20) <0.001 -0.07 (-0.27, 0.13) 0.491 -2.10 0.034
TG (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.44 (-0.64,-0.25) <0.001 -0.01 (-0.10, 0.07) 0.735 -0.89 <0.001*
LDL-C (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.30 (-0.43, -0.16) <0.001 -0.07 (-0.18, 0.04) 0.235 -2.04 0.011*
HDL-C (mmol/L)
Week 12 -0.00 (-0.04, 0.04) 0.802 -0.02 (-0.09, -0.04) 0.846 -1.66 0.529
Sex Hormone Index
FSH (mIU/L)
Week 12 0.48 (0.09, 0.86) 0.038 0.08 (-0.33, 0.49) 0.015 -1.01 0.160
LH (mIU/L)
Week 12 -0.64 (-1.61, 0.32) 0.185 -2.53 (-6.92, 1.85) 0.609 -0.66 0.393
PRL (mIU/L)
Week 12 -109.10 (-154.60, -62.63) <0.001 –40.27 (-79.86, -0.68) 0.066 -1.99 0.024
T (nmol/L)
Week 12 -0.17 (-0.26, -0.07) <0.001 -0.06 (-0.16, 0.04) 0.098 -0.41 0.117
E2 (nmol/L)
Week 12 12.99 (-17.45, 43.43) 0.256 -46.14 (-95.60, 3.32) 0.170 -2.69 0.042
Endometrial Thickness and Ovarian Volume
Endometrial Thickness (mm)
Week 12 1.83 (1.31, 2.35) <0.001 2.10 (1.57, 2.62) <0.001 -0.06 0.471
OV (ml)
Week 12 -4.05 (-4.49, -3.62) <0.001 -3.89 (-4.22, -3.55) <0.001 -0.50 0.544
Days of Menstrual Cycle (day)
Week 12 -6.50 (-9.13, -3.87) <0.001 -7.39 (-10.86, -3.91) <0.001 -0.93 0.353
PCOSQ (score)
Intervention phase
Week 4 15.43 (11.82, 19.05) 9.30 (6.24, 12.37) 2.59 0.011
Week 8 20.66 (16.05, 25.28) 11.98 (8.54, 15.42) 3.03 0.03
Week 12 26.70 (22.03, 31.37) 16.19 (12.15, 20.23) 3.42 <0.001
Follow-up phase
Week 16 29.81 (25.20, 34.43) 19.34 (15.26, 23.72) 3.41 <0.001
Week 20 33.58 (28.68, 38.49) 21.09 (13.47, 25.72) 3.72 <0.001
Week 24 36.58 (31.41, 41.76) 22.11 (17.41, 26.81) 4.15 <0.001

* indicates that after Bonferroni correction, the P-values for intergroup comparisons remain statistically significant (P < 0.05/number of comparisons; see the Methods section for details on the exact number of comparisons).