Table 4.

Comparison of experimental data for each algorithm on target densely distributed images.

Model	Model parameters (M)	P (%)	R (%)	mAP 0.5 (%)	F1 (%)
YOLOv5	46.1	92.0	83.2	85.3	87.4
YOLOv6	58.3	79.3	74.1	80.2	76.6
YOLOv7	37.2	88.4	89.5	89.3	88.9
YOLOv8	43.6	89.5	84.2	87.9	86.8
YOLOv11	25.3	96.5	86.7	86.6	91.3
YOLOv12	26.4	89.8	85.3	88.9	87.5
Ours	46.2	93.2	91.8	92.7	92.5

Significant values are in bold.