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. 2025 Dec 12;24:9. doi: 10.1186/s12955-025-02464-x

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of respondents (N = 1008)

Characteristics N (%) HK general
Population (%)
Difference P-value of χ2
Age groups (years) 1.000
 20–24 62 (6.2) 6.1 0.1
 25–29 85 (8.4) 8.5 -0.1
 30–34 98 (9.7) 9.8 -0.1
 35–39 110 (10.9) 10.9 0
 40–44 110 (10.9) 10.9 0
 45–49 110 (10.9) 10.8 0.1
 50–54 108 (10.7) 10.7 0
 55–59 118 (11.7) 11.7 0
 60–64 115 (11.4) 11.4 0
 65–69 92 (9.1) 9.2 0
Gender 1.000
 Male 450 (44.6) 45.6 -1
 Female 558 (55.4) 54.4 1
Marital status 0.220
 Married 599 (59.4) 58.6 0.8
 Never married 349 (34.6) 28.6 6.0
 Divorced/Widowed 60 (6.0) 12.7 -6.8
Education level < 0.001
 Primary and below 12 (1.2) 18.4 -17.2
 Secondary 402 (39.9) 47 -7.1
 Post-secondary 594 (58.9) 34.6 24.3
Family income (1 HKD = 0.13 USD) < 0.001
 < 10,000 46 (4.6) 19.5 -14.9
 10,001–20,000 79 (7.8) 18.3 -10.5
 20,001–30,000 122 (12.1) 14.8 -2.7
 30,001–40,000 147 (14.6) 11.5 3.1
 40,001–60,000 290 (28.8) 14.9 13.9
 60,001–80,000 172 (17.1) 7.9 9.2
 80,001–100,000 84 (8.3) 4.3 4.0
 ≥ 100,000 68 (6.8) 8.7 -1.9
Employment
 Full-time 750 (74.4)
 Part-time 94 (9.3)
 Unemployed 164 (16.3)
Diagnosed with chronic disease 245 (24.3)
Diagnosed with mental health problem 163 (16.2)
EQ-5D-5 L (No problem)
 Mobility 881 (87.4)
 Self-care 969 (96.1)
 Usual activities 895 (88.8)
 Pain/discomfort 433 (43.0)
 Anxiety/depression 513 (50.9)
EQ VAS, mean (SD) 76.5 (16.8)
K-10, mean (SD) 19.6 (7.5)

Note: χ2 = Chi-squared test