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Hypothetical paracrine angiogenic loop model of B. henselae-mediated angiogenesis. B. henselae is able to adhere to and invade human macrophages (mac) and induce production of VEGF. This secreted VEGF functions in a paracrine manner and acts as an endothelial cell mitogen. Infection of endothelial cells (EC) with B. henselae may serve to further enhance proliferation by induction of IL-8, activation of chemotactic migration of macrophages, or inhibition of apoptosis.
