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. 2025 Dec 12;19:34. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-07193-0

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Vector competence parameters of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti lines exposed to the DENV-1 strain. Graphics (A–C) correspond to infection rate (IR), dissemination efficiency (DE), and transmission efficiency (TE), respectively. Mosquito lines were tested at 14, 21, and 28 days post exposure (dpe) to DENV-1. Samples were examined for infectious viral particles plaque forming unit (PFU) titration on Vero cells: in the bodies for the IR, the heads for DE, and the saliva for TE. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. COM Comoros archipelago, SEY Seychelles archipelago, RUN Reunion Island, N number of mosquitoes tested, NA not available