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. 2025 Dec 12;26:67. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06688-w

Table 1.

Research participant characteristics

Variable Non-sarcopenic obesity (n = 2109) Sarcopenic obesity
(n = 266)
χ2/Z P
Age 66.00(63.00, 72.00) 68.00(64.00, 73.00) −2.352 0.019
Gender 25.073 < 0.001
 Male 1274(60.40) 118(44.40)
 Female 835(39.60) 148(55.60)
Marriage [n(%)] 6.686 0.010
 Divorced or widowed 563(26.70) 91(34.20)
 Married 1546(73.30) 175(65.80)
Place of residence [n(%)] 4.881 0.027
 Urban 773(36.70) 116(43.60)
 Rural 1336(63.30) 150(56.40)
Heart disease [n(%)] 25.593 < 0.001
 Yes 440(20.90) 92(34.60)
 No 1669(79.10) 174(65.40)
Stroke [n(%)] 9.335 0.002
 Yes 76(3.60) 20(7.50)
 No 2033(96.40) 246(92.50)
Arthritis [n(%)] 5.146 0.023
 Yes 947(44.90) 139(52.30)
 No 1162(55.10) 127(47.70)
Dyslipidemia [n(%)] 29.912 < 0.001
 Yes 427(20.20) 93(35.00)
 No 1682(79.80) 173(65.00)
Liver disease [n(%)] 4.196 0.041
 Yes 129(6.10) 25(9.40)
 No 1980(93.90) 241(90.60)
Hypertension [n(%)] 22.818 < 0.001
 Yes 421(20.00) 87(32.70)
 No 1688(80.00) 179(67.30)
Diabetes [n(%)] 17.324 < 0.001
 Yes 137(6.50) 36(13.50)
 No 1972(93.50) 230(86.50)
Drinking history [n(%)] 11.139 0.001
 Yes 808(38.30) 74(27.80)
 No 1301(61.70) 192(72.20)
Smoking history [n(%)] 28.696 < 0.001
 Yes 725(34.40) 48(18.00)
 No 1384(65.60) 218(82.00)
Hospitalization in the past 12 months [n(%)] 6.868 0.009
 Yes 341(16.20) 60(22.60)
 No 1768(83.80) 206(77.40)
Falls in the past 12 months [n(%)] 15.605 <0.001
 Yes 368(17.40) 73(27.40)
 No 1741(82.60) 193(72.60)
Depressive status [n(%)] 20.076 <0.001
 Yes 684(32.40) 123(46.20)
 No 1425(67.60) 143(53.80)
Education level [n(%)] 13.209 0.008
 Illiterate 990(46.90) 148(55.60)
 Primary school 556(26.40) 72(27.10)
 Junior high school 369(17.50) 30(11.30)
 Senior high school or vocational 156(7.40) 11(4.10)
 College or above 38(1.80) 5(1.90)
Self-care ability [n(%)] 39.122 <0.001
 Independent 1662(78.80) 163(61.30)
 Mildly dependent 354(16.80) 83(31.20)
 Moderately dependent 75(3.60) 14(5.30)
 Severely dependent 18(0.90) 6(2.30)
SBP(mmHg) 129.50(116.00,144.50) 134.00(121.00,150.63) -4.060 <0.001
DBP(mmHg) 74.00(67.00,82.00) 76.00(69.88,83.63) -3.605 <0.001
Waist circumference(cm) 84.40(77.80,91.20) 96.00(90.45,101.00) -16.350 <0.001
TG(mg/dl) 102.65(76.99,148.67) 134.51(93.81,184.51) -6.541 <0.001
HDL-C(mg/dl) 50.58(43.63,58.69) 45.95(40.83,53.28) -6.175 <0.001
FBG(mg/dl) 95.50(88.29,104.50) 99.10(91.89,109.91) -5.160 <0.001
UA(mg/dl) 4.90(4.00,5.90) 5.00(4.20,6.40) -2.046 0.041
CYSC(mg/l) 0.89(0.77,0.99) 0.93(0.81,1.03) -3.382 0.001
CRP(mg/l) 1.30(0.75,2.50) 1.90(1.00,3.00) -4.695 <0.001
HbA1c(%) 5.80(5.60,6.10) 6.00(5.60,6.50) -3.623 <0.001
TyG 8.51(8.17,8.92) 8.85(8.43,9.21) -7.065 <0.001
Pace(m/s) 3.11(2.65,3.73) 3.54(2.83,4.40) -6.327 <0.001

Remark: SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TG Triglycerides, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG Fasting blood glucose, UA Uric acid, CYSC Cystatin C, CRP C-reactive protein, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, TyG Triglyceride-glucose index