Table 1.
Distribution of characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Total (n = 8908) | Non-NAFLD (n = 5002) | NAFLD (n = 3906) |
Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survey cycles, n (%) | χ2 = 24.43 | 0.064 | |||
| 2005–2006 | 1197 (13.67) | 651 (13.15) | 546 (14.34) | ||
| 2007–2008 | 1377 (14.14) | 731 (13.83) | 646 (14.54) | ||
| 2009–2010 | 1465 (14.49) | 830 (15.32) | 635 (13.42) | ||
| 2011–2012 | 1282 (15.21) | 761 (15.77) | 521 (14.49) | ||
| 2012–2013 | 1280 (13.98) | 748 (14.81) | 532 (12.91) | ||
| 2014–2015 | 1129 (14.16) | 628 (13.47) | 501 (15.06) | ||
| 2016–2017 | 1178 (14.35) | 653 (13.65) | 525 (15.25) | ||
| Age, Mean ± SE | 51.30 ± 0.29 | 49.96 ± 0.38 | 53.04 ± 0.36 | t = 6.71 | < 0.001 |
| Age group, n (%) | χ2 = 123.05 | < 0.001 | |||
| 20–39 | 2376 (27.85) | 1541 (32.48) | 835 (21.86) | ||
| 40–59 | 2838 (37.66) | 1496 (35.12) | 1342 (40.93) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 3694 (34.49) | 1965 (32.40) | 1729 (37.20) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | χ2 = 69.41 | < 0.001 | |||
| Men | 4220 (48.45) | 2236 (44.56) | 1984 (53.46) | ||
| Women | 4688 (51.55) | 2766 (55.44) | 1922 (46.54) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | χ2 = 66.51 | < 0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 1282 (7.12) | 644 (6.56) | 638 (7.84) | ||
| Other Hispanic | 797 (4.85) | 446 (4.97) | 351 (4.69) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 3985 (69.84) | 2193 (68.79) | 1792 (71.20) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1828 (10.48) | 968 (10.01) | 860 (11.08) | ||
| Other race | 1016 (7.71) | 751 (9.67) | 265 (5.19) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | χ2 = 1.52 | 0.468 | |||
| Coupled | 5722 (69.42) | 3185 (68.89) | 2537 (70.10) | ||
| Single/Separated | 3185 (30.58) | 1817 (31.11) | 1368 (29.90) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | χ2 = 50.53 | < 0.001 | |||
| < High school | 2115 (15.20) | 1059 (13.41) | 1056 (17.51) | ||
| High school | 1947 (22.35) | 1051 (21.05) | 896 (24.02) | ||
| > High school | 4839 (62.45) | 2886 (65.55) | 1953 (58.46) | ||
| PIR, n (%) | χ2 = 27.78 | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 1.3 | 2386 (17.83) | 1243 (16.81) | 1143 (19.15) | ||
| 1.3–1.85 | 1075 (9.57) | 581 (8.77) | 494 (10.60) | ||
| 1.85–3.50 | 2097 (24.68) | 1184 (24.23) | 913 (25.26) | ||
| > 3.50 | 3350 (47.93) | 1994 (50.20) | 1356 (44.99) | ||
| Alcohol use status, n (%) | χ2 = 72.28 | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 4567 (43.70) | 2435 (40.92) | 2132 (47.29) | ||
| Yes | 4341 (56.30) | 2567 (59.08) | 1774 (52.71) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | χ2 = 80.66 | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 7771 (89.36) | 4512 (91.94) | 3259 (86.03) | ||
| Yes | 1137 (10.64) | 490 (8.06) | 647 (13.97) | ||
| Chronic disease drugs use, n (%) | χ2 = 470.25 | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 5258 (62.30) | 3412 (72.10) | 1846 (49.65) | ||
| Yes | 3650 (37.70) | 1590 (27.90) | 2060 (50.35) | ||
| ALT (U/L), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 21.00 (16.00, 28.00) | 19.00 (15.00, 24.00) | 24.00 (18.00, 32.00) | Z = -12.93 | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 22.00 (19.00, 27.00) | 22.00 (19.00, 26.00) | 23.00 (19.00, 27.00) | Z = -5.03 | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 19.00 (14.00, 27.00) | 15.00 (12.00, 21.00) | 24.00 (18.00, 36.00) | Z = -15.50 | < 0.001 |
| Direct HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 51.00 (43.00, 62.00) | 57.00 (48.00, 68.00) | 45.00 (39.00, 54.00) | Z = -16.49 | < 0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal), Mean ± SE | 2055.66 ± 13.79 | 2037.92 ± 14.63 | 2078.54 ± 19.25 | t = 2.09 | 0.039 |
t t test, M Median, Q1 1st Quartile, Q3 3st Quartile; Z Mann–Whitney test, χ2 chi-square test