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. 2026 Jan 7;16:1618319. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1618319

Table 2.

Mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and T1-based fractal dimension (FD) in healthy controls (HC) and multiple sclerosis patients (MS) before (incl.) and after (excl.) lesion masking in grey (GM) and white matter (WM) general structures.

Metric GM WM
HC MS (incl.) MS (excl.) HC MS (incl.) MS (excl.)
FA 0.1301 ± 0.0069 0.1329 ± 0.0061
(p < 0.001)
0.1318 ± 0.0061
(p < 0.05)
0.286 ± 0.015 0.271 ± 0.026
(p < 0.001)
0.270 ± 0.026
(p < 0.001)
MD 0.787 ± 0.021 0.821 ± 0.037
(p < 0.001)
0.820 ± 0.037
(p < 0.001)
0.682 ± 0.014 0.713 ± 0.031
(p < 0.001)
0.712 ± 0.030
(p < 0.001)
FD 2.600 ± 0.014 2.607 ± 0.015
(p < 0.001)
2.603 ± 0.014
(p = 0.071)
2.528 ± 0.015 2.502 ± 0.029
(p < 0.001)
2.499 ± 0.032
(p < 0.001)

FDR-corrected p-values for statistically significant differences between MS and HC are shown below the metric. For FA in GM Welch, the t-test was used, while the Mann–Whitney U-test was used for the remaining comparisons.