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. 2025 Dec 20;16:2435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32348-5

Table 1.

VLM rates and 1-sigma uncertainties (Std.) in mm/yr for published values from HM74 vs. present-day as derived from our RNI VLM solution. Differences in the VLM rates are also shown in the last column in mm/yr. Negative values indicate the rate of subsidence has decreased since 1974, and positive values indicate the rate of subsidence has increased since 1974. Velocities at additional notable cities: Virginia Beach, VA (−2.14 ± 1.42 mm/yr), Virginia Beach, VA (−1.41 ± 0.52 mm/yr), ocean City, MD (−2.4 ± 0.5 mm/yr).

ID# Location 1974 VLM (mm/yr) 1974 Std. Dev. (mm/yr) 19–23’ VLM 19–23’ Unc. Difference (mm/yr)
1 Allens Fresh, MD −1.97 0.60 −1.81 1.15 −0.16
2 Annapolis, MD −2.10 0.38 −1.26 1.57 −0.84
3 Baltimore, MD −1.79 0.38 −0.75 1.35 −1.04
4 Bowers, DE −4.03 0.65 −1.73 1.73 −2.30
5 Boykins, VA −3.16 0.91 −0.81 0.62 −2.35
6 Cambridge, MD −1.93 0.65 −2.31 0.81 +0.38
7 Carrsville, VA −4.79 0.76 −1.59 1.44 −3.20
8 Chesapeake City, VA −2.32 0.49 −2.26 0.72 −0.06
9 Chestertown, MD −3.03 0.61 −0.87 1.44 −2.16
10 Clayton, DE −3.07 0.56 −1.39 0.48 −1.68
11 Crisfield, MD −1.93 0.82 −2.30 1.60 +0.37
12 Deep Water Pt., MD −2.95 0.63 −1.25 0.78 −1.70
13 Delaware City, DE −2.51 0.63 −1.40 0.67 −1.11
14 Dover, DE −3.47 0.57 −1.57 1.07 −1.90
15 Easton, MD −1.88 0.64 −2.26 1.20 +0.38
16 Elkridge, MD −1.10 0.38 −0.69 1.15 −0.41
17 Elkton, MD −2.51 0.47 −1.27 1.34 −1.24
18 Ellendale, DE −3.16 0.55 −2.12 1.30 −1.04
19 Fredericksburg, VA −1.23 0.59 −0.79 0.67 −0.44
20 Golden Hill, MD −1.93 0.82 −2.24 1.36 +0.31
21 Hampton Roads, VA −2.42 0.50 −2.28 1.01 −0.14
22 Harrington, DE −3.07 0.54 −2.12 1.30 −0.95
23 Havre DeGrace, MD −2.51 0.47 −0.88 0.15 −1.63
24 Kiptopeke, VA −1.06 0.71 −2.20 1.78 +1.14
25 Lee Hall, VA −3.05 0.81 −1.37 0.24 −1.68
26 Lewes, DE −2.84 0.49 −2.38 2.65 −0.46
27 Marlboro, MD −1.66 0.40 −1.23 0.77 −0.43
28 Milford, DE −3.11 0.55 −2.12 1.30 −0.99
29 Norfolk, VA −2.77 0.52 −2.05 1.48 −0.72
30 Piney Point, MD −2.00 0.58 −2.32 0.31 +0.32
31 Port Royal, VA −0.92 0.84 −0.84 2.21 −0.08
32 Portsmouth, VA −2.77 0.52 −2.01 1.42 −0.76
33 Princess Anne, MD −2.04 0.67 −2.31 1.58 +0.27
34 Providence Forge, VA −3.63 1.26 −1.16 2.04 −2.47
35 Queenstown, MD −2.75 0.58 −2.02 4.41 −0.73
36 Richmond, VA −1.86 1.92 −0.69 0.69 −1.17
37 Salisbury, MD −2.14 0.62 −2.33 0.97 +0.19
38 Saluda, VA −3.06 0.95 −2.21 1.33 −0.85
39 Smithfield, VA −3.25 0.71 −1.83 0.59 −1.42
40 Solomons, MD −2.45 0.48 −2.11 1.36 −0.34
41 Spring Grove, VA −1.61 0.91 −0.97 1.05 −0.64
42 St. George, DE −2.46 0.52 −1.35 0.61 −1.11
43 Tappahannock, VA −1.94 1.02 −1.93 1.64 −0.01
44 Toano, VA −2.05 0.87 −1.33 1.92 −0.72
45 Washington, DC −1.11 0.40 −1.12 1.59 +0.01
46 Weona, MD −0.64 0.91 −2.31 1.40 +1.67
47 West Point, VA −3.76 0.95 −2.17 1.47 −1.59
48 Westland, VA −1.54 1.27 −2.26 0.55 +0.72
49 Whitehaven, MD −1.32 0.76 −2.33 0.87 +1.01
50 Williamsburg, VA −3.03 0.83 −1.33 1.33 −1.70
51 Yorktown, VA −3.09 0.83 −1.36 0.78 −1.73