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. 2025 Dec 14;17:703. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67312-4

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 2 — A corrugated PDMS mold (a) is replicated using ultraviolet-curable adhesive on glass (b, c) and then peeled off to yield the high aspect ratio substrate (d). A conformal ITO anode is subsequently deposited by sputtering (e), and then the organic layer stack is deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation (f).