Fig. 2. Patterns of imputed pathway expression by PASTA and six other existing methods using a human lung cancer ST data.

Three pathways are presented: MYOGENESIS, XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM, and HEDGEHOG SIGNALING (from top to bottom, respectively). PASTA-imputed pathway expression shows consistently higher correlations with true values, as indicated by the strong resemblance between the predicted and actual pathway expression patterns. Notably, for the Hedgehog signaling pathway involved in regulating cancer stem cells, the correlation between the PASTA-imputed expression and the true value reach 0.907. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.