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. 2026 Jan 20;16:2503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32207-3

Table 6.

Comparison of results of CCST and benchmark models on BCI IV 2a dataset.

DA type Model Sub 1 Sub 2 Sub 3 Sub 4 Sub 5 Sub 6 Sub 7 Sub 8 Sub 9 Avg ± SD
With DA CCST 60.94 29.51 67.88 46.53 29.69 48.61 51.91 81.08 76.22 54.71
EEGConformer 63.37 25.69 59.38 38.37 25.35 28.30 32.29 47.22 47.92 40.88
ShallowConvNet 58.16 26.04 59.90 33.68 26.04 31.42 37.50 61.63 52.43 42.98
EEGNet 62.67 24.31 64.93 40.45 26.04 27.26 38.72 57.99 57.29 44.41
DeepConvNet 52.26 24.13 52.43 31.77 26.56 34.20 32.47 55.38 54.51 40.41
TCN 54.86 24.48 38.72 35.59 24.13 28.12 38.54 52.78 35.24 36.94
TIDNet 42.01 24.13 48.61 35.94 25.69 30.73 33.33 40.28 44.62 36.15
MSCFormer 59.03 23.26 57.99 36.28 25.17 24.31 33.85 55.21 43.75 39.87
TCANet 64.41 26.91 52.26 36.81 26.22 31.77 34.90 59.20 55.03 43.06
CTNet 55.38 24.83 58.33 38.37 26.22 27.95 37.67 63.19 53.99 42.88
EEGInception 58.51 29.34 37.67 37.50 28.12 31.94 39.24 51.91 53.12 40.82
Without DA CCST 66.67 38.89 86.28 61.46 34.90 65.28 79.86 91.49 89.58 68.27
EEGConformer 59.55 24.48 56.42 35.76 26.22 28.82 36.63 59.38 59.72 43.00
ShallowConvNet 63.72 25.87 68.92 34.72 26.56 30.21 40.80 63.72 63.37 46.43
EEGNet 66.32 24.83 65.80 40.97 24.65 26.56 43.92 64.58 61.81 46.60
DeepConvNet 69.97 25.52 67.53 30.90 27.26 34.55 37.67 58.85 57.29 45.51
TCN 63.72 23.61 60.07 46.18 24.31 35.76 34.72 59.20 47.40 43.89
TIDNet 43.23 28.65 53.12 39.24 23.78 36.63 35.42 43.75 48.61 39.16
MSCFormer 68.92 27.60 62.85 40.45 26.56 27.78 40.28 67.71 65.97 47.57
TCANet 62.67 27.95 58.68 39.41 29.51 26.74 35.24 57.99 65.28 44.83
CTNet 64.93 26.22 58.85 30.03 27.60 28.99 31.08 61.28 60.94 43.33
EEGInception 51.04 25.17 51.56 29.86 27.78 34.38 32.47 44.62 60.94 39.76

Significant values are in [bold].