Table 1.
Selection of baseline characteristicsa
| Characteristics | By age, gender, ethnicity, and race; n (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All older adults | Age | Gender | Race | Ethnicity | ||||||||
| 65–74 | ≥75 | Female | Male | Asian | Black | No database-recorded race | White | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | No database-recorded ethnicity | ||
| n = | 729,705b | 424,299 | 305,406 | 432,140 | 297,565 | 12,777 | 39,020 | 460,801 | 217,107 | 40,977 | 198,621 | 490,107 |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age, mean (SD) |
74.2 (6.7) |
69.3 (2.7) |
80.9 (4.3) |
74.3 (6.8) |
73.9 (6.5) |
74.2 (6.7) |
74.1 (6.7) |
74.1 (6.7) |
74.3 (6.7) |
74.0 (6.6) |
74.4 (6.8) |
74.1 (6.7) |
| Product, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Commercial |
33,906 (4.6%) |
27,903 (6.6%) |
6,003 (2.0%) |
15,523 (3.6%) |
18,383 (6.2%) |
646 (5.1%) |
1927 (4.9%) |
19,446 (4.2%) |
11,886 (5.5%) |
1991 (4.9%) |
10,294 (5.2%) |
21,620 (4.4%) |
| Medicare Advantage |
695,799 (95.4%) |
396,396 (93.4%) |
299,403 (98.0%) |
416,617 (96.4%) |
279,182 (93.8%) |
12,131 (94.9%) |
37,093 (95.1%) |
441,355 (95.8%) |
205,221 (94.5%) |
38,986 (95.1%) |
188,327 (94.8%) |
468,487 (95.6%) |
| Copay for all medications during the baseline period, mean (SD) |
520.2 (860.6) |
503.8 (864.0) |
543.0 (855.3) |
491.2 (792.0) |
562.4 (949.8) |
514.8 (810.6) |
504.1 (877.9) |
517.5 (868.3) |
529.2 (843.7) |
496.0 (856.2) |
525.2 (859.5) |
520.2 (861.3) |
| Copay for high-risk medication at index date, mean (SD) |
9.1 (18.8) |
8.8 (18.4) |
9.5 (19.3) |
9.2 (19.7) |
8.9 (17.4) |
9.0 (18.3) |
8.5 (17.7) |
9.0 (18.7) |
9.4 (19.1) |
8.6 (18.2) |
9.2 (18.8) |
9.1 (18.8) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Combined comorbidity score, mean (SD) |
2.3 (3.0) |
1.7 (2.8) |
3.0 (3.2) |
2.1 (2.9) |
2.5 (3.2) |
2.3 (3.0) |
2.4 (3.1) |
2.2 (3.0) |
2.3 (3.0) |
2.3 (3.0) |
2.3 (3.1) |
2.2 (3.0) |
| Mean number of medications filled (SD) |
13.2 (6.7) |
13.1 (6.9) |
13.4 (6.4) |
13.5 (6.8) |
12.8 (6.5) |
13.1 (6.6) |
13.5 (6.8) |
13.2 (6.7) |
13.2 (6.7) |
13.4 (6.8) |
13.3 (6.7) |
13.2 (6.7) |
| Mean number of days hospitalized (SD) |
3.1 (9.6) |
2.6 (9.6) |
3.8 (9.7) |
2.8 (8.9) |
3.5 (10.6) |
3.2 (10.0) |
3.4 (10.3) |
3.1 (9.6) |
3.2 (9.6) |
3.1 (10.0) |
3.2 (9.7) |
3.1 (9.6) |
| Mean number of outpatient visits (SD) |
31.9 (32.8) |
28.7 (30.7) |
36.3 (35.1) |
31.8 (32.0) |
32.0 (34.1) |
31.2 (32.6) |
33.1 (34.6) |
31.6 (32.8) |
32.3 (32.6) |
31.8 (33.3) |
32.5 (33.0) |
31.7 (32.7) |
| Mean claims-based Frailty Index (SD) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.2 (0.1) |
There was no missing data.
aThe rest of the baseline characteristics can be found in Table S3 in the Supporting Material.
bThis table is restricted to older adults’ first cohort entry.