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. 2025 Dec 19;17:761. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67437-6

Fig. 3. In vitro colon cancer cell inhibition and DCs maturation mediated by MnLR/Gly.

Fig. 3

a Cytotoxicity of L. reuteri, glycerol, L. reuteri/Gly, and MnLR/Gly in multiple human colon cancer cell lines (SW48, HCT116, RKO, SW620, DLD-1) and mouse colon cancer cell lines (MC38, CT26) after a 24-hour incubation (SW48, HCT116, MC38, CT26, n = 3; RKO, SW620, DLD-1, n = 4). b Quantification of mature DCs (CD11c+CD86+) in the total CD45+ mBMDCs after being stimulated by the cell lysates from MC38 cells treated with reuterin or MnLR/Gly (n = 3). c Quantification of mature DCs (CD83+) in the total CD11c+HLADR+ hPBMC-DCs after being stimulated by the cell lysates from DLD-1 cells treated with reuterin or MnLR/Gly (n = 3). d, e The representative flow cytometric images and corresponding quantification of mature DCs (CD11c+CD86+ or CD83+) in the total CD45+or CD11c+HLADR+ DCs after direct stimulation by the given agents (n = 3). f, g The levels of immune functional cytokines (IL-12, TNF) produced by mBMDCs or hPBMC-DCs after direct stimulation by the given agents (n = 3). h, i Immunoblotting assays of p-p38 in the mBMDCs or hPBMC-DCs after direct stimulation by the given agents. iMAPK, MAPK inhibitor. Three times were repeated independently with similar results. The representative flow cytometric images ( j, k) and corresponding quantification (l, m) of mature DCs (CD11c+CD86+ or CD83+) in the total CD45+ or CD11c+HLADR+ DCs after the given treatments (n = 3). n The schematic showing that MnLR/Gly indirectly (via ICD) or directly promotes DC maturation. Data are shown as mean ± SD; p-value (compared to Ctrl in f, g); one-way ANOVA (one-tailed), Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.