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. 2025 Dec 14;16:2460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32279-1

Table 2.

Simulation parameters.

Parameter Symbol Value Notes/assumptions
PV array rated power PPV 50 kW Maximum available power from PV array
PV array DC voltage Vdc 800 V Operating DC voltage
PV array current Idc 62.5 A Calculated as PPV/Vdc
Boost inductor Lb 2 mH For DC-DC boost converter
Boost converter switching freq. fsw 10 kHz PWM switching frequency
DC-link capacitor Cdc 2200 µF Ensures stable DC-link voltage
Grid voltage (L-L, rms) Vgrid 400 V AC side voltage
Grid frequency fgrid 50 Hz Nominal AC frequency
Inverter output current (rms) Igrid 72.2 A Calculated as PPV/(√3 * Vgrid)
Inverter oversizing ratio 1.1 10% oversizing
dq-axis current controller gains Kp, Ki 0.3, 20 For active current loop
Reactive power PI regulator gains Kp, Ki 0.5, 30 For reactive power control
PLL bandwidth 50 Hz Phase-locked loop
Simulation sampling time 50 µs For digital control and simulation