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. 2025 Dec 14;16:2460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32279-1

Table 9.

Comparative analysis of the proposed R-EAPC strategy with recent Post-2020 Literature.

Study (reference) Active power control Reactive power/voltage support Apparent power constraint/oversizing Stability assessment Key limitation
Enhanced Active Power Control using INC-MPPT4 Uses INC-based APC with improved MPPT tracking No VAR loop; voltage regulation absent Capability limits not considered; oversizing not analysed Basic small-signal discussion Does not coordinate AP and VAR; limited grid-support
STATCOM-Based VAR Support in PV Systems5 Standard MPPT (P&O/INC) Strong reactive-power compensation and voltage support No inverter S-limit or oversizing involvement No CPF or Lyapunov analysis Treats reactive support separately; no APC–VAR integration
Coordinated Control of PV Inverters & VSCs7 Coordinated power control in LV distribution networks Provides voltage and power-sharing support Apparent-power capability discussed but oversizing not implemented Small-signal / eigenvalues Does not combine MPPT-based APC with dynamic VAR and oversizing
Proposed R-EAPC INC-based APC integrated in dq-frame Fast q-axis reactive regulator with PCC-voltage loop Explicit S-limit + analytical 10% oversizing benefit Eigenvalue + Bode + CPF + Lyapunov Unified A–Q control, capability limit enforcement, and oversizing—absent in previous works