. 2026 Jan 19;16:2437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-31640-8

Table 2.

Band rationing equations for (Spectral indices ) thematic Layers.

Thematic map	Band combination	Landsat 8 OLI bands	Equation	References
NDVI	NDVI = (NIR - R) / (NIR + R)	NDVI = (Band 5 – Band 4) / (Band 5 + Band 4).	(1)	^33,34
SAVI	SAVI= ((NIR - R) / (NIR + R + L)) * (1 + L)	SAVI = ((Band 5 – Band 4) / (Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5)) * (1.5).	(2)	³⁵
NDWI	NDWI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)	NDWI = (Band 5 – Band 6) / (Band 5 + Band 6)	(3)	^36,37
TGSI	TGSI= (Red-Blue)/(Red + Blue + green)	TGSI = (Band 4 – Band 2) / (Band 4 + Band 2 + Band 3)	(4)	^38,39