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. 2026 Jan 19;16:2437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-31640-8

Table 3.

Correlation matrix and variance inflation factors (VIFs) for predictor variables used in the ANN Model.

Variable Geology GM Slope DD LD NDVI SAVI NDWI TGSI LULC VIF
Geology 1 0.3 0.21 0.3 0.2 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.19 2.1
GM 1 0.36 0.3 0.3 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.22 2.4
Slope 1 0.4 0.3 −0.18 -0.19 −0.15 −0.17 −0.25 2.8
DD 1 0.4 −0.16 -0.17 -0.12 −0.14 −0.21 3.1
LD 1 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.15 1.9
NDVI 1 0.72 0.35 0.38 0.48 3.8
SAVI 1 0.33 0.36 0.47 3.9
NDWI 1 0.29 0.35 2.6
TGSI 1 0.22 2.3
LULC 1 3