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. 2026 Jan 6;16:2585. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32436-6

Table 3.

Key Parameter configuration of the disturbance compensation module.

Parameter Category Symbol Value/Setting Description
Sliding surface gain matrix Λ (Lambda) diag(4.2, 4.2, 5.0, 3.8) Determines the convergence rate of the sliding variable
Reaching law coefficient Κ (Kappa) diag(1.5, 1.5, 2.0, 1.2) Controls the amplitude of sliding motion chattering
Boundary layer thickness Φ (Phi) 0.05 Threshold for smoothing function to suppress high-frequency vibration
Low-pass filter cutoff frequency ωc 15 rad/s Filters out high-frequency noise from the observer
Feedforward compensation gain Kff diag(0.9, 0.9, 1.1, 0.7) Mapping coefficient from disturbance estimates to compensation control inputs
Maximum disturbance estimation range dmax [3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.5]ᵀ Saturation limits on disturbance amplitudes for each channel