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. 2025 Dec 15;12(1):9. doi: 10.1038/s41537-025-00712-z

Table 2.

Human-BERT group assignment agreement.

Ratings Fleiss' kappa SE 95% CI
Lower Upper
Overall 0.617 0.016 0.585 0.648
Group 1 0.636 0.028 0.582 0.690
Group 2 0.476 0.028 0.422 0.530
Group 3 0.589 0.028 0.535 0.643
Group 4 0.716 0.028 0.662 0.770

Overall and per-group Fleiss’ kappa values on agreement between six human raters and the BERT-based 4-group cluster assignments for 103 FTD items. Confidence intervals (CI) are asymptotic and indicate the precision of each kappa estimate.