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. 2025 Dec 15;12(1):9. doi: 10.1038/s41537-025-00712-z

Table 3.

CLANG-TLC participant demographic and clinical characteristics.

Group Patients Healthy controls
N 49 49
Sex (M:F) 33:16 27:20*
Age in years (Mean, SD) 33.63 (8.32) 31.02 (9.43)*
Diagnosis

Schizophrenia = 27

Bipolar disorder = 18

Depression = 4

TLC total score mean, (SD) 6.47 (6.94) 4.51 (5.11)
Total CLANG score (Mean, SD) 6.65 (5.15) 4.00 (4.73)

Sample from the CAFLIP study.

CLANG clinical language disorder rating scale, TLC thought, language, and communication, SD standard deviation.

*Two healthy controls had missing data for sex and age.