Table 1.
Contact toxicity of hexane, acetone, and ethanol extracts from two botanical species against sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius; SPW) at 24 h after treatment.
| Family / Category | Common name | Scientific name | Part used | Solvent Extraction |
Effecacy1 (24 h after treatment) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acoraceae | Myrtle grass | Acorus calamus | Roots and rhizomes | Hexane | L |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Asteraceae | Bitter bush | Chromolaena odorata | Leaves | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Schisandraceae | Star anise | Illicium verum | Flower | Hexane | VH |
| Acetone | VH | ||||
| Ethanol | L | ||||
| Capparaceae | Siamese’s Maerua | Maerua siamensis | Leaves | Hexane | L |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Fabaceae | Snake climber | Bauhinia scandens | Vine | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Golden shower | Cassia fistula | Pod | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Sasswood | Erythrophleum succirubrum | Leaves | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Tuba root | Derris elliptica | Roots and rhizomes | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Jewel vine | Derris scandens | Vine | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Rubiaceae | Kratom | Mitragyna speciosa | Leaves | Hexane | VH |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Lamiaceae | Mint weed | Hyptis suaveolens | Leaf, flower and stem | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Cinnamon | Cinnamomum bejolghota | Bark | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Verbebaceae | Weeping lantana | Lantana camara | Leaf, flower and stem | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Stemmonaceae | Stemona | Stemona tuberosa | Rhizome | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Myrtaceae | Clove | Syzygium aromaticum | Buds | Hexane | L |
| Acetone | L | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Blue gum | Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Leaves | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Piperaceae | Long pepper | Piper retrofractum | Fruit | Hexane | VH |
| Acetone | VH | ||||
| Ethanol | L | ||||
| Menispermaceae | Heart-leaved moonseed | Tinospora crispa | Stem | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Meliaceae | Siamese neem tree | Azadirachta indica | Leaves | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Zingiberaceae | Siam cardamom | Amomum krervanh | Roots | Hexane | VL |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Cassumunar ginger | Zingiber montanum | Rhizome | Hexane | VL | |
| Acetone | VL | ||||
| Ethanol | VL | ||||
| Synthetic insecticide | Imidacloprid | − | − | − | VH |
1Classification of mortality; VL: Very low < 10%, L: Low 10–25%, M: Medium 26–50%, High 51–75% and VH: Very high > 75%.