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. 2025 Dec 10;16:2565. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32263-9

Table 3.

Main components in hexanolic extracts of star Anise and long pepper analyzed by GC-MS/MS.

Star anise Long pepper
Chemical components % Chemical components %
trans-Anethole 84.49 cis-2-Methyl-7-octadecene 12.14
Foeniculin 3.28 Germacrene D 10.72
Limonene 3.18 Eicosane 9.30
Estragole 2.01 α-Humulen 9.29
Bergamotene 1.65 Docosane 8.72
Anisaldehyde 1.63 Caryophyllene 7.74
other compounds 3.76 β-Bisabolene 6.03
9-Heptadecanol (CAS) 5.11
(2E,4E,10E)-N-Isobutylhexadeca-2,4,10-trienamide 4.07
Sabinene 3.77
α-bisabolene 3.42
(2E,4E,14E)-N-Isobutylicosa-2,4,14-trienamide 2.56
Piperine 2.52
2-Methyl-Z, Z-3,13-octadecadienol 2.35
Tetradecane-Dup1 1.74
trans-β-Farnesene 1.13
Piperanine 1.06
other compounds 8.33