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. 2025 Dec 13;9:83. doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-09350-8

Fig. 2. Cellular senescence rather than apoptosis leads to depletion of mesenchymal components in coronal sutures of the MUT mice.

Fig. 2

a The immunofluorescence images of p21 and p16 in coronal sutures of MUT and WT mice. p21 was in red, p16 was in green, and DAPI was in blue. Scale bar: 100 µm. b The immunofluorescence images of cleaved caspase-3 in coronal sutures of MUT and WT mice. Cleaved caspase-3 was in green, and DAPI was in blue. Scale bar: 100 µm. c and d Quantification of the proportion of p21-positive cells (c) and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in coronal sutures of MUT and WT mice. N = 6 sutures/group. e The immunohistochemical staining images of Ki-67 in the coronal sutures of MUT and WT mice. The cell nucleus was counterstained with hematoxylin. Scale bar: 100 µm. f The senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining images of MUT and WT mice coronal sutures. Scale bar: 100 µm. Quantification of the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells (g) and SA-β-Gal positive area (h) in coronal sutures of MUT and WT mice. N = 5 sutures/group. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. For c, d, g, and f, two-way ANOVA was used, followed by Sidak’s test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns, not significant.