Skip to main content
. 2025 Dec 6;13:69. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-06380-z

Table 2.

Type, Name, References, URLs, characteristics, and format for the input data used in the construction and verification of the 3D geological and hydrogeological models; all URLs were last accessed in June 2025.

Type Name Reference URL Characteristics Format
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) V003 NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems/U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team83 10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003 1 arc-sec (≈30 m) spatial resolution Raster (.tif)
Ocean bathymetry General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group84 https://www.gebco.net 15 arc-sec (≈450 m) spatial resolution Raster (.tif)
Lake bathymetry Lake and Pond bottom elevations Geospatial Information Authority85 https://www.gsi.go.jp/kankyochiri/lakedatalist.html 10 m spatial resolution Raster (.tif)
Hydrological network All Rivers, All Lakes & Topography across all Japan MLIT87,88. https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/index.html River centrelines and lake surface areas across the Japanese archipelago; 1:25,000 scale Vector (.shp)
Hydrogeological units interfaces National-scale hydrological model (NHM): Distribution areas and lower surface contours of hydrogeological units Geosphere Environment Technology Corp. (GETC)78 https://www.getc.co.jp/webmap_en/ designed for 500 m x 500 m horizontally resolved national scale hydrological simulations, Integrated in the National Land Information Platform of Japan Vector (.shp)
Geological Map of Fuji Volcano Takada et al.59 https://www.gsj.jp/Map/EN/docs/misc_doc/misc_12_2nd.html 1:50,000 spatial scale, second edition Vector (.shp)
Topography of Mishima lava flow terminus (FV) Tsuchi (2017)40 1:20,000 map in Mishima City with contour lines Map (.jpg)
Upper and lower surface elevation lava and mud layers from Fujinomiya and Hoshiyama stages Murashita (1982); Ono et al.31,116 1: 200,000 map in the Fuji City area (SW) with contour lines of OLF, OLFM, FV and MF Map (.jpg)
Cross-sections throughout the catchment Ono et al.68 1:400,000 map of the whole catchment with cross-section traces Image (.jpg)
Verification boreholes Discrete locations of the bottom elevation of the MF, FV and OLFM layers Ikeda (1989); Uchiyama (2020); Yamamoto44,80,129 Borehole georeferenced and depth reported for each layer interface Vector (.shp)
Faults Position of the major branches of the Fujikawa-Kako Fault Zone Active fault database of Japan64 https://gbank.gsj.jp/activefault/index Lines compiled from the 1:200,000 map; General N 10°E direction, 30 km length Vector (.shp)
Land-use and land-cover Land-use and land-cover map of Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Earth Observation Research Center, version 23.1.292 https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/lulc_e.htm Integrates Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and ALOS-2 (PALSAR-2) satellite data; Overall classification accuracy: 95.53%; spatial resolution: 100 m Raster (.tif)