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. 2025 Dec 18;16:2491. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32378-z

Table 2.

Soil CH4 flux in different N rates (mean ± SE) and two-way ANOVA for soil CH4 fluxes in response to N rates, year and their interaction.

Year T1 T2 T3 T4 Average
(µg C m− 2 hr− 1)
2010 90.2 ± 13.4 110.0 ± 11.5 77.2 ± 17.9 68.6 ± 11.0 86.5 ± 9.0
2011 65.8 ± 13.3 49.4 ± 18.4 52.1 ± 6.6 64.1 ± 14.2 57.9 ± 4.1
2012 66.2 ± 17.2 74.4 ± 19.6 39.5 ± 18.7 42.2 ± 16.8 55.6 ± 8.7
2013 22.7 ± 14.5 23.5 ± 14.9 19.5 ± 9.5 32.4 ± 17.6 24.5 ± 2.8
2016 40.6 ± 18.8 50.1 ± 17.3 51.9 ± 27.7 59.1 ± 15.4 50.4 ± 3.8
2017 68.8 ± 41.2 78.9 ± 29.8 67.2 ± 29.6 57.7 ± 29.2 68.1 ± 4.4
Mean 59.1 ± 9.7 64.4 ± 12.2 3.96 ± 8.3 4.21 ± 5.6
Source d.f Mean Square F-value p-value
Year 5 20092.91 4.17 0.001
N rates 3 2427.35 0.50 0.680
Year * N rates 15 1576.37 0.33 0.992
Error 264 4818.46

d.f. = degrees of freedom; F-value = ratio of between-group variance to within-group variance; p-value = the statistical significance of the test result. Significance at p < 0.05.