Table 1.

Summary of UV-Vis absorption shifts and intensity changes for AuNP-Based Formulations.

Sample	Wavelength (nm)	Intensity	Description	Shifts/Change
AuNPs (Fig. 4A-Yellow)	559	0.61	Plasmon absorption band of colloidal gold nanoparticles with a size of 90 nm, stabilized by AsP.	No shift/change
	236	1.07	Corresponding to AsP group.	No shift/change
GEM (Fig. 4A-Dark blue)	270	0.71	Two distinct absorption bands; GEM sample used in the reaction.	No shift/change
	238	0.54
Au-GEM (Fig. 4A-Green)	562	0.36	Plasmon band of gold nanoparticles after GEM binding.	Shifted from 559 nm (intensity decrease from 0.61 to 0.30).
	270	0.33	GEM drug bond on the nanoparticle surface.	No shift/change
	235	0.15	Overlapping bands of AsP (during synthesis) and GEM.	No shift/change
Au-GEM-AsP-Phys (Fig. 4A-Purple)	571	0.42	Plasmon band of gold nanoparticles in the physical formulation.	Shifted from 559 nm to 571 nm (intensity decreased from 0.61 to 0.42).
	240–280	High	Overlapping bands of AsP and GEM.	No shift/change
Au-GEM-AsP-MOD (Fig. 4A-Light blue)	568	0.27	Plasmon band of gold nanoparticles in the surface-modified formulation.	Shifted from 559 nm to 568 nm (intensity decreased from 0.61 to 0.27), consistent with surface modification and altered electronic environment.
	240–280	High	Overlapping bands of AsP and GEM.	No shift/change