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. 2025 Dec 31;16:2555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32344-9

Table 3.

Classification performance of various ML algorithms on cold injuries among the elderly (> 60 years old) population.

Method Accuracy Precision Recall F1-score
Mean Standard error Mean Standard error Mean Standard error Mean Standard error
Decision tree 69.282 0.013 30.177 0.028 26.551 0.030 27.960 0.026
Random forest 76.555 0.010 44.802 0.123 9.681 0.024 15.683 0.037
XGBoost 77.895 0.005 52.886 0.036 18.564 0.022 27.351 0.028
AdaBoost 76.746 0.005 47.656 0.023 26.596 0.025 33.876 0.025
Neural network 69.665 0.018 29.444 0.037 20.683 0.022 23.617 0.022