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. 2025 Dec 9;17:672. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67318-y

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic diagram for the synthetic route to highly disordered RuO₂ nanosheets. b Powder XRD patterns, c TEM images, d STEM images, and e atomic arrangement of bulk RuO₂, layered RuO₂ nanosheets, and aRu materials. In e, Ru and O atoms are denoted by violet and yellow spheres, respectively.