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. 2026 Jan 18;16:2611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33667-3

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Percentages of cured plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus strains treated with Nigella sativa oil (NSO), thymoquinone (TQ) and their combinations with antimicrobials (A) along with the percentages of cured resistance markers. (B) Results were expressed as the mean of percentages of cured plasmids calculated as: number of plasmids in treated strain/number of plasmids in untreated strain) × 100 basing on triplicate experiments for each of the six tested S. aureus strains with standard error of the mean (SEM) shown as error bars. Means with different superscript letters (a–c) indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05. AZM azithromycin, CN gentamicin, OFX ofloxacin, DO doxycycline, SXT trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate.