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. 2026 Jan 18;16:2611. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-33667-3

Table 3.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from human and mastitis cows’ milk samples.

Antimicrobial category Antimicrobial agent No. of S. aureus isolates (%) p-value Total no. of S. aureus isolates (%) (n = 29)
Human (n = 20) Cattle (n = 9)
β-lactam combination agents AMC 20 (100) 3 (33.3) < 0.0001*** 23 (79.3)
SAM 14 (70) 1 (11.1) 0.005** 15 (51.7)
TPZ 6 (30) 1 (11.1) 0.382 7 (24.1)
Penicillins AMP 20 (100) 9 (100) NA 29 (100)
Cephems FEP 19 (95) 8 (88.9) 1 27 (93.1)
CTX 17 (85) 7 (77.8) 1 24 (82.8)
Lincosamides L 19 (95) 9 (100) 1 28 (96.6)
DA 18 (90) 6 (66.7) 0.287 24 (82.8)
Macrolides AZM 19 (95) 7 (77.8) 0.22 26 (89.7)
Aminoglycosides CN 19 (95) 3 (33.3) 0.001** 22 (75.9)
TOB 13 (65) 3 (33.3) 0.226 16 (55.2)
Fluoroquinolones OFX 14 (70) 0 0.001** 14 (48.3)
Tetracyclines DO 14 (70) 4 (44.4) 0.237 18 (62.1)
Folate pathway antagonists SXT 13 (65) 3 (33.3) 0.226 16 (55.2)
Phenicols C 10 (50) 4 (44.4) 1 14 (48.3)
Oxazolidinones LZD 9 (45) 0 0.027* 9 (31)
TQ 11 (55) 9 (100) 0.027* 20 (69)

AMC amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, AMP ampicillin, FEP cefepime, L lincomycin, AZM azithromycin, CN gentamicin, CTX cefotaxime, DA clindamycin, TOB tobramycin, SAM ampicillin/sulbactam, OFX ofloxacin, DO doxycycline, SXT trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, C chloramphenicol, LZD linezolid, TPZ tazobactam, TQ Thymoquinone. NA non-applicable; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.