Table 3.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from human and mastitis cows’ milk samples.
| Antimicrobial category | Antimicrobial agent | No. of S. aureus isolates (%) | p-value | Total no. of S. aureus isolates (%) (n = 29) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human (n = 20) | Cattle (n = 9) | ||||
| β-lactam combination agents | AMC | 20 (100) | 3 (33.3) | < 0.0001*** | 23 (79.3) |
| SAM | 14 (70) | 1 (11.1) | 0.005** | 15 (51.7) | |
| TPZ | 6 (30) | 1 (11.1) | 0.382 | 7 (24.1) | |
| Penicillins | AMP | 20 (100) | 9 (100) | NA | 29 (100) |
| Cephems | FEP | 19 (95) | 8 (88.9) | 1 | 27 (93.1) |
| CTX | 17 (85) | 7 (77.8) | 1 | 24 (82.8) | |
| Lincosamides | L | 19 (95) | 9 (100) | 1 | 28 (96.6) |
| DA | 18 (90) | 6 (66.7) | 0.287 | 24 (82.8) | |
| Macrolides | AZM | 19 (95) | 7 (77.8) | 0.22 | 26 (89.7) |
| Aminoglycosides | CN | 19 (95) | 3 (33.3) | 0.001** | 22 (75.9) |
| TOB | 13 (65) | 3 (33.3) | 0.226 | 16 (55.2) | |
| Fluoroquinolones | OFX | 14 (70) | 0 | 0.001** | 14 (48.3) |
| Tetracyclines | DO | 14 (70) | 4 (44.4) | 0.237 | 18 (62.1) |
| Folate pathway antagonists | SXT | 13 (65) | 3 (33.3) | 0.226 | 16 (55.2) |
| Phenicols | C | 10 (50) | 4 (44.4) | 1 | 14 (48.3) |
| Oxazolidinones | LZD | 9 (45) | 0 | 0.027* | 9 (31) |
| TQ | 11 (55) | 9 (100) | 0.027* | 20 (69) | |
AMC amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, AMP ampicillin, FEP cefepime, L lincomycin, AZM azithromycin, CN gentamicin, CTX cefotaxime, DA clindamycin, TOB tobramycin, SAM ampicillin/sulbactam, OFX ofloxacin, DO doxycycline, SXT trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, C chloramphenicol, LZD linezolid, TPZ tazobactam, TQ Thymoquinone. NA non-applicable; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.