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. 2025 Dec 11;16:2536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32287-1

Table 2.

ANOVA results for postural control parameters during double-leg stance across conditions.

Condition Effect Statistic COP parameter
DOT Rsw Rfa SD (ML) SD (AP) MV (ML) MV(AP) TMV Area
DHO Group F-ratio 2.00 1.96 2.71 2.31 0.95 3.96 8.29 0.007 0.79
Sig [η²] 0.16 [0.068] 0.16 [0.069] 0.10 [0.102] 0.13 [0.097] 0.33 [0.036] 0.053[0.103] 0.006 [0.317] 0.93 [0.001] 0.37 [0.060]
Time F-ratio 0.14 0.002 8.34 0.03 3.93 0.01 1.45 0.57 0.05
Sig [η²] 0.70 [0.011] 0.96 [0.001] 0.006 [0.340] 0.86 [0.002] 0.054 [0.211] 0.89 [0.003] 0.23 [0.062] 0.45 [0.056] 0.81 [0.005]
Group × Time F-ratio 0.24 0.11 0.22 0.48 1.15 0.001 0.83 1.50 0.44
Sig [η²] 0.62 [0.019] 0.73 [0.008] 0.63 [0.014] 0.49 [0.025] 0.28 [0.073] 0.97 [0.001] 0.36 [0.036] 0.09 [0.134] 0.51 [0.041]
DHC Group F-ratio 0.26 5.46 0.001 3.50 0.46 4.25 0.14 1.44 1.75
Sig [η²] 0.60 [0.014] 0.02 [0.159] 0.97 [0.001] 0.06 [0.138] 0.50 [0.017] 0.04 [0.129] 0.70 [0.005] 0.23 [0.048] 0.19 [0.070]
Time F-ratio 0.21 0.04 0.005 0.56 0.21 4.95 0.01 0.69 1.26
Sig [η²] 0.64 [0.039] 0.82 [0.004] 0.94 [0.001] 0.45 [0.030] 0.64 [0.016] 0.03 [0.305] 0.90 [0.001] 0.40 [0.058] 0.26 [0.710]
Group × Time F-ratio 0.60 0.60 0.31 0.90 0.38 0.42 3.82 2.78 2.60
Sig [η²] 0.44 [0.010] 0.44 [0.052] 0.57 [0.022] 0.34 [0.048] 0.54 [0.029] 0.51 [0.037] 0.01 [0.248] 0.04 [0.197] 0.09 [0.136]
DSO Group F-ratio 2.29 0.01 0.29 1.04 1.77 3.74 5.85 0.24 1.92
Sig [η²] 0.13 [0.081] 0.91 [0.001] 0.58 [0.010] 0.31 [0.053] 0.19 [0.060] 0.06 [0.109] 0.02 [0.176] 0.62 [0.008] 0.17 [0.072]
Time F-ratio 3.25 0.35 8.79 0.01 3.61 0.06 1.62 0.56 2.47
Sig [η²] 0.04 [0.187] 0.55 [0.034] 0.005 [0.472] 0.90 [0.001] 0.02 [0.231] 0.79 [0.007] 0.20 [0.114] 0.45 [0.054] 0.08 [0.141]
Group × Time F-ratio 1.12 4.09 0.08 1.56 1.04 1.85 0.15 0.05 1.68
Sig [η²] 0.29 [0.074] 0.05 [0.291] 0.77 [0.009] 0.21 [0.068] 0.31 [0.080] 0.06 [0.166] 0.69 [0.012] 0.81 [0.006] 0.20 [0.100]
DSC Group F-ratio 0.97 3.60 2.64 1.54 0.10 1.90 1.80 0.41 0.64
Sig [η²] 0.32 [0.033] 0.06 [0.139] 0.11 [0.082] 0.22 [0.065] 0.75 [0.004] 0.17 [0.066] 0.18 [0.057] 0.52 [0.012] 0.42 [0.023]
Time F-ratio 8.60 15.58 3.48 12.04 8.55 6.90 1.11 5.57 0.21
Sig [η²] 0.006 [0.422] 0.001 [0.470] 0.06 [0.248] 0.001 [0.407] 0.006 [0.410] 0.01 [0.343] 0.29 [0.097] 0.02 [0.446] 0.003 [0.450]
Group × Time F-ratio 0.54 1.44 0.45 0.54 0.001 1.48 1.24 0.47 0.77
Sig [η²] 0.46  [0.044] 0.23 [0.076] 0.50 [0.041] 0.46 [0.030] 0.99 [0.001] 0.23 [0.101] 0.27 [0.107] 0.49 [0.064] 0.38 [0.059]

Center of pressure (COP); Double-leg stance on a hard surface with eyes open (DHO); Double-leg stance on a hard surface with eyes closed (DHC); Double-leg stance on a soft surface with eyes open (DSO); Double-leg stance on a soft surface with eyes closed (DSC); Total displacement of center of pressure (DOT); Range of sideways displacement (Rsw); Range of fore/aft displacement (Rfa); Standard deviation (SD); Mean velocity (MV); Total mean velocity (TMV); Anteroposterior (AP); Mediolateral (ML); Bold denotes statistically significant values (p < 0.05).