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. 2025 Dec 11;16:2536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32287-1

Table 4.

ANOVA results for star excursion balance test, single-leg hop test, limb symmetry index, and single leg squat.

Measure Group Before, mean(SD) After, mean(SD) Statistical effects; p-value [η²]
Group Time Group × time
mSEBT-Anterior (% of limb length) Intervention 73.90 (4.19) 92.45 (7.54) 0.51 [0.022] 0.001 [0.884] 0.004 [0.186]
Control 75.14 (4.38) 88.21 (7.16)
mSEBT -Posteromedial (% of limb length) Intervention 73.63 (9.73) 82.46 (11.41) 0.30 [0.634] 0.001 [0.634] 0.84 [0.002]
Control 69.61 (7.73) 79.08 (6.17)
mSEBT -Posterolateral (% of limb length) Intervention 78.55 (8.69) 89.19 (10.65) 0.23 [0.072] 0.001 [0.787] 0.49 [0.025]
Control 73.73 (6.35) 86.29 (4.81)
mSEBT -Composite score (% of limb length) Intervention 72.94 (7.50) 88.05 (8.93) 0.32 [0.049] 0.001 [0.834] 0.58 [0.016]
Control 73.72 (6.59) 84.53 (5.13)
Single leg hop (healthy side) (cm) Intervention 128.18 (46.12) 134.80 (48.22) 0.39 [0.037] 0.001 [0.455] 0.16 [0.095]
Control 111.07 (20.39) 124.95 (22.55)
Single leg hop (involved side) (cm) Intervention 109.93 (42.31) 132.66 (40.05) 0.23 [0.070] 0.001 [0.648] 0.41 [0.034]
Control 89.41 (14.52) 119.39 (30.86)
Limb symmetry index (%) Intervention 82.48 (10.46) 96.70 (3.13) 0.49 [0.024] 0.001 [0.546] 0.98 [0.001]
Control 80.32 (14.21) 94.63 (7.97)
Single leg squat (s) Intervention 21.86 (11.72) 38.36 (22.21) 0.39 [0.037] 0.001 [0.637] 0.23 [0.071]
Control 20.28 (5.21) 31.07 (4.19)

SEBT, star excursion balance test. Bold denotes statistically significant values (p < 0.05).